A relic an of Mijincsota and Finland. — \\ 'inchell. 22^ 
Bothnian formation all along the contact of the basal con- 
glomerate on the pre-Bothnian gneiss; but the post-Both- 
nian granite, which forms a large area next north of the Both- 
nian schists, never occurs as pebbles in the schist, but as dikes 
which are plainly of later date than the schist. It penetrates 
the schist intimately, causing them to appear like a grane- 
tized schist. 
These phenomena are identical with those seen in Minne- 
sota, where large areas of the elastics are affected by the me- 
tamorphism incident to a granitic boss rising amongst the 
schists and sending into them numerous apophyses and con- 
verting them to schists and gneiss. This granite therefore 
may be compared with our post-Keewatin granites seen at 
Kekequabic lake and about Snowbank lake. 
The only representative of our greenstone Lower Kee- 
watin (our Kawishiwin) in Finland so far as now appears, 
is the basic inclusions found in the pre-Bothnian granites. 
The Minnesota and Finland Archean seem to be adjustible 
for comparison in the following manner: 
In Minnesota, In Finland. 
Granitic protrusion and meta- Post-Bothniaii t^rauite. 
morphism. Bothnian schists. 
Upper Keewatin. 
Standing vertical, distinctly bed- Conglomerates, phyllytes, io]j- 
ded, clay slates, graywackes, con- tytes, frequently rendered crystal- 
glomerates, of great thickness, line by metamorphism, forming 
sometimes changed to mica schists mica schists and porphyroids. 
and to prophyroids. 
Granitic and felsitic irruption Pre-Bothnian granite 
and metamorphism. and gneiss. 
Lower Keewatin. 
Graywackes, varying to green- 
wackes by increased amount of 
chloritic and uralitic ingredients. The t^reenstoncs 
Conglomerate, jaspilyte; also vast seem to \w wanting, or are seen 
amounts of greenstone which is only as inclusions in the pre-Both- 
apparently of igneous origin and nian granite, 
structure, this being at the bottom. 
Thefragmentals are extensively 
con\erted into mica schists and 
gneiss. 
In Canada, as is well known, the basal gneiss, or funda- 
mental gneiss, was described by Logan many years ago, and 
was named Laurentian. Along with this was also described 
an U])pcr Laurentian which later has been rather discarded 
