The Term Augusta in Geology. — Keyes. 229 
Canada pass under the name Huronian, the equivalent of the 
metamorphosed condition of the Keewatin of Minnesota, is 
unknown, but it is quite Hkely that, as in AJinnesota and in 
Finland, rocks occupying the position of the so-called Huron- 
ian of Canada also become^ crystalline and in that condition 
could not be distinguished from the t3'pical Ottawa gneiss. 
It is worthy of note also that the fundamental gneiss of 
Canada is therefore not the bottom of the geological series, 
but that it is largeh' a sedimentary formation, and that the 
<lebris which went into its constitution was from some still 
older series, and that this older series, or at least a portion of 
it, was a greenstone, in part massive and in part stratified, 
as indicated b}' the stratigraphic succession in Minnesota. 
USE OF THE TERM AUGUSTA IN GEOLOGY. 
By Charles R. Keyes, Des Moinee, Iowa. 
In a recent paper* on "The Batesville Sandstone of Arkan- 
>-.as" there occurs the following statement: 
"Some confusion has been introduced into the nomenclature of the 
Mississippian formations in the adoption, by the Geological Surveys of 
Iowa and Missouri of the term Augusta in place of "Osage, for this 
series [Osage Group] of strata. The name Osage was first proposed 
by Williams in 1891 (Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur., No. 80. p. 409 [169]) to 
include the Burlington and Keokuk groups of earlier authors. In 1892 
Keyes (Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 3, p. 298) adopted the same name, 
giving it the same significance, but in 1893 he proposed the name Au- 
gusta (Iowa Geol. Sur., vol. i, p. 59) for the same series of strata. At 
the time of the proposal of the name Augusta it was recognized by its 
author as synonymous with Williams' term Osage; the only excuse 
ofifered for the adoption of the new name was that at the localities on 
the Osage River, from which the name Osage was derived, only a 
portion of the whole series of strata are present, while at Augusta, la., 
a more complete section is exposed. This is, of course, an invalid 
reason for the introduction of such a synonym into geologic nomen- 
clature. Other series of geologic strata have been named from localities 
where only a portion of the whole series is exposed. The Chemung 
group in a well established division in the New York series, yet at the 
typical locality, Chemung Narrows, only a small portion of the whole 
formation is exposed. Other instances of the same kind could be 
*Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. XVI, p. 280, 1897. 
