TJie Term Augusta in Geology. — Keyes. 231 
several minor subdivisions which were widely recognized, and 
some of them had even received special names. 
For over a quarter of a century little attempt was made to 
deviate from the old classification. As the more recent work- 
ers in the region came to investigate critically the formations 
and their fossils, it soon became manifest that an arrangement 
<lifferent from the existing one more nearly expressed the 
natural sequence of events, and that several of the commonly 
recognized formations which were regarded as distinct, were 
really parts of a single one. Among' others the Lower 
Burlington, the Upper Burlington and the Keokuk limestones 
appeared to be very closely related. As early as 1862 White* 
liad called attention to the near relationships of the crinoidsof 
the three formations. Subsequently Wachsmuth and 
Springerf revived the discussion. A decade later ;J; particu- 
lar stress was laid on the desirabilitv of uniting the two Burl- 
ington limestones and the Keokuk. No name was suggested 
at this time for the reason that there were strong indications 
that other and higher beds should be also included. Until 
these higher deposits could be carefully examined it was 
thought best not to propose any new titles, and accordingly 
the naming was left open. Three years afterwards,^ before 
the beds referred to could be inspected over their full areal 
extent, the term Osage, which had been proposed in the mean- 
while for the Burlington and Keokuk together, was used pro- 
\isionally in an extended sense. 
The term Osage was first proposed by H. S. Williarnsi; to 
vmbrace the formations previously called the Burlington and 
Keokuk limestones, the Warsaw being placed in a higher or 
Ste. Genevieve. The original intention was to use, in this 
connection, the term Ozark, and this name was actually 
l)rinted in a paper by professor Williams entitled "A Pre- 
liminary Report on the Upper Palaeozoic Faunas of Missouri," 
that was to form pages 103 to 1 10 of Bulletin 3 of the Missouri 
( Geological Survey, issued in 1890. Owing to certain changes 
*Jour. Boston See. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, pp. 224-5, 1862. 
tProc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1878, p. 224. 
jAm. Jour. Sci., (3), vol. XXXVIII, pp. 191-192, 1889. 
§ Classification Lower Carb. Rocks Miss. Valley, Pamphlet, pp. 24, 
Washington, 1892. 
'jBulL U. S. Oeol. Sur., No. 80, p. i6(), 1891; and Ibid. p. 205. 
