266 TJic America7i Geologist. April, i898 
vey of the Forty Mile district. Mr. Arthur C. Keith, geolo- 
gist, will cooperate with Mr. Barnard's party in this district. 
In addition to these parties two geologists from the United 
States Geological Survey, Messrs. F. C. Shraeder and W. C. 
Mendenhall, will accompany expeditions sent out by the War 
department. It is expected that the first of these gentlemen 
will go up the Copper river, and that the second will proceed 
inland between the Copper and Sushitna rivers. All of th(* 
above mentioned gentlemen expect to return to Washington 
the coming fall. 
New York Academy of Sciences. Section of Geolog)- 
and Mineralogy, March 21st, 1898. The paper of the even- 
ing, illustrated by lantern, was by Dr. Heinrich Ries, entitled, 
"The Clay and Kaolin Deposits of Europe." Dr. Ries 
sketched briefly the geographical distribution of the kaolin 
deposits, and their relation and comparison to similar deposits 
of America. He then gave special attention to the deposits 
of Great Britain, Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Austria, 
and mentioned briefly those found in other regions. He de- 
scribed particularly the deposits of Cornwall, which are found 
in association with veins of tin in granite areas, where it is 
supposed that the feldspar has been changed to kaolin through 
the influence of fluoric fumes rising from below. These 
products are very pure, containing 97^ per cent of clay sub- 
stance. He also spoke of the ball plastic clays found in south- 
western England, which occur in lenses in large beds of sand, 
and are used to mix with non-plastic kaolins. Refractory 
clays are found in England and Scotland in the Carboniferous 
rocks and are worked by underground mining. Impure clays, 
used for bricks, are particularly found in the vicinity- of Lon- 
don. The Staffordshire blue brick, Fuller's earth and Bath 
brick deposits were sketched briefl}', and the technological 
treatment in Great Britain, Germany and the United States 
was compared. The latter part of the ^paper was devoted 
to a rapid summary of the position, quality, uses and manner 
of mining of the famous clays of Bornholm, Denmark; of the 
Glasspot clays of southeastern Belgium ; of the kaolin deposits 
of Limoges, France, and the deposits of Prussia. 
Prof. Henry F. Osborn described the progress made this 
year, through international efifort, in correlating the larger 
divisions of the fresh water Te rtiary deposits of Europe by a 
study of the vertebrate remains. 
Prof. James F. Kemp was elected chairman of the section, 
and Dr. Heinrich Ries secretary, for ensuing vear. 
Richard E. Dodge, Secy. 
