Reviezv of Rcccjit Geological Literature. 323 
part of the great boundary line between Liautung and Shantung, which 
is also marked by a chain of volcanic eruptives. 
In eastern Shantung where gneiss and granite-gneiss prevail there 
are evidences of a double folding, one in the normal strike of the 
gneisses from north-northwest to south-southeast, and the other parallel 
with the strike of the "Sinisch" formation, from west-southwest to east- 
northeast. 
The mountain region of the west half is composed of a great number 
of extensive table-like terraces each of which is raised up on one side 
and consists of a crystalline foundation with a capping of "Sinisch" 
sediments. The terraces dip in minor folds in a northern direction; but 
the lines of fracture have different strikes. There seems to be a ten- 
dency toward a radial arrangement with the Tai-shan as a center, 
while small breaks running at right angles accompany the radial folds. 
and on the northern edge of the mountain region small fractures pro- 
duce deep gorges. 
There is a close relation between this orographic structure and the 
occurrence of the coal beds which are shown on the map already 
mentioned. The geological structure which is interpreted as far as is 
already known on the map published on page 75 of the Zeitschrift fiir 
■praktische Geologic, is not yet fully understood. It is probable, how- 
ever, that we have here the remnants of a formerly extensive sedi- 
mentary series which has been subjected to profound erosion. Its con- 
tinuation underneath the younger sediments of the region may probably 
be demonstrated by a careful study. 
The coal fields alreadv show several beds of most excellent coal of 
workable dimensions. They are always found interstratified with lirne- 
stone and clastic rocks. In the original article are excellent accounts 
and profiles of the coal deposits of Po-shan (several seams of from 6 
to 8 feet in thickness), Tschung-Kiu (several veins from 4 to 6 feet 
thick), Wei-hsien (veins 3 to 6 feet thick), I-tschou-fu and I-hsien 
probably seven veins up to 5 feet thick). 
The first coal field has a considerable but not completely surveyed 
area. Its continuation may be looked for toward the east and south 
underneath the tuffs which octur in those directions. A careful geo- 
logical study would throw important light on this subject. 
There are also iron ores in the district of I-tschou-fu which, notwith- 
standing their richness, have not yet been worked. Another iron ore 
deposit is found east of Tsinan-fu. It is a typical contact deposit and 
owes its origin to intrusions of dioryte. 
The future of the province of Shantung and Germany's new Chinese 
possession depends according to F. v. Richthofen upon the extensive 
coal fields. The other metallic riches, of which so many exaggerated 
tales are told and which are so graphically portrayed on maps of the 
province, are limited to traces of gold in the alluviums and small 
amounts of galenite and copper sulphurets in the Archean mountains. 
But the future of Kiauchau lies chielly in its role as a diverging 
point for railroads. The coal fields of Shantung will be opened by 
