Abandoned Beaches of Lake Superior. — Toy/or. 113 
at a hight of 50 to 60 feet. In the ascent of the mountain a 
great beach ridge of shingle was found at an altitude of 155 
feet. It is composed mostly of small slabs and flat fragments 
of the Animikie slate which underlies the columnar trap of 
the mountain. The stones are pretty well worn by wave ac- 
tion, most of them having a rudely lenticular form. Some of 
them are as much as eight or ten inches wide, and two or 
three thick. This ridge has a distinct lagoon hollow behind 
it, although it lies on a ver}'' steepslope. The ridge is not 
unusually wide, but its lower edge is about fifteen feet below 
its crest. It is probably compound, but no distinct evidence 
of this was noticed. This strong ridge appeared to be the 
lowest one of a series extending up to about 210 feet, several 
of which are well developed. Much of the nu^untain slope 
seemed unfavorable for any permanent record. It is too steep, 
the rock fragments are too large. Besides, a large amount of 
talus of later origin has fallen down over much of it. A beach 
ridge of shingle, quite distinct, but not so strong as some of 
those lower down was found at a higlitof about 440 feet. It 
is so heavily overlain by talus at the point observed that it is 
not certain that the part seen is the highest mark of wave ac- 
tion, but none higher were observed. 
The central part of the great shelf on the mountain is a 
swampy thicket, but the northern and eastern edges are more 
accessible. No evidence of wave action was found on this 
level, nor -Any of still-water sedimetitation, unless a thin, light 
yellow loam that appeared to cover gravelly drift in some 
places might be taken as su<di. The floor of the shelf along 
the north edge is bare and has the appearance of liaving been 
polished smooth b}^ glacial action. No strite of entirely certain 
identity were found, but some very faint lines and the roche 
moiUonnc'e contours of the slightly rolling, polished rock sur- 
face seemed to indicate that the ice moved toward the west, 
and a little to the north of west. 
A drive was made to the Beaver mine in the valley of 
White Fish river, 24 miles west southwest from Port Arthur. 
On the Oliver road, half a mile or more southwest of town the 
Nipissing beach is finely formed with a blulf 15 to 20 feet 
high at its back. Beach ridges were cros.eed at a point six 
miles out about 240 feet above the lake. South of Murillo on 
