Abandoned Beaches of Lake Superior. — Taylor. 125 
an old delta deposit of the Big Pic river which now enters the 
lake a few miles farther south. The highest mark of the an- 
cient lake was found at about 410 feet above the lake. On 
the upper plain two or three pits were foutid, one 20 feet deep 
and about 200 feet in diameter. From the upper level down 
to the Nipissing beach-plain there are several terraces and ill- 
defined beach ridges, the most prominent one about 260 feet 
above the lake. Here again, the Nipissing beach appears as 
a great beach plain with many ridges at altitudes close to 110 
or 115 feet (aneroid) above the lake. The material was ap- 
parently derived from the cutting of higher terraces towards 
the south and as they were built northward across the em- 
bayment they cut off a lower tract behind and formed a shallow 
marshj^ lake. The lake feeds a water tank for the railway, 
and the recently excavated trench for the laying of the pipe 
gives a characteristic exposure of beach material, sand and 
well-rounded pebbles. The edge of the plain back of the sta- 
tion and Mr. Mudge's house is bordered by a line of dunes 
from which a good view is had of the beach-plain back of 
them. The beaches below the Nipissing were not so clearly 
defined here, but one is fairly plain as a cut terrace at 40 or 
45 feet. Back of the station the Nipissing beach-plain is about 
a mile and a quarter wide. Some of the ridges on the plain 
are sharply and beautifully developed in long parallel lines or 
curves, with lagoon hollows between. 
East of Peninsula. The interval fi-om Peninsula to Mel- 
gund was passed after dark, but a return trip was made next 
day from White river to the latter place. The lower beaches 
were not seen. But at a point two or three miles west of 
Cache Lake station, a sand plain like several others which 
mark the upper limit of submergence farther west was found 
backed by a sea-clitf, the altitude being approximately 420 to 
425 feet. East of this along the course of the rapidl}"- flow- 
ing White river to the hight of land near O'Brien and Amyot 
no sign of submergence was seen. 
The great hills between White river and Grassett, forming 
the hight of land in that part and rising 200 to 300 feet 
above the general plain are mostly moraines of the ice-sheet 
and their forms seem to show that they were made by ice 
coming from the northeast. Their position suggests that they 
