Review of Recent Geological Literature. 131 
They average from a quarter of a mile to a mile in length and var}- from 
10to250feet in hight." 
Their shape, material and position lead the author "to believe that 
they were formed in narrow gorges in the ice-sheet into which streams 
flowing on the surface plunged and carried their load of detritus." 
Dr. Adams presents a report on the geology and i-esourcesof that part 
of the Laurentian region lying north of the island of Montreal. He 
gives a detailed account of his petrographical work on the minerals of 
the gneiss, with illustrations of the way in which they have suffered, 
and on the severe earth-strains to which they have been subjected since 
their formation. Crystals of quartz, feldspar, etc., have been crushed 
or flattened down into thin lamina and "augen gneiss" in many cases 
developed. A note is added on some of the anorthosites of other parts 
of Canada and foreign countries for comparison with the Morin anorth- 
osites and others from Canada. These rocks occur in immense masses 
in Canada, the United States, Norway, Russia and Egypt. 
A second report by the same author deals with the smelting of the 
titaniferous iron ore according to a process advocated by A. J.Rossi 
of New York. These ores have of late years gone out of favor after a 
time of great popularity, but Dr. Adams seems to think that they are 
now unjustly neglected and should be used in Canada as they are in 
some other countries. He reprints a paper by Mr. Rossi read before the 
Amer. Institute of Mining Engineers in February, 1893, giving details 
of the mode of treating these ores. 
Mr. Low reports on the Labrador peninsula the results of four years' 
labor. Much of it is not geological and is therefore not relevant here. 
He says: "The peninsula of Labrador is a high rolling plateau, which 
rises somewhat abruptly, within a few miles of the coast, to a hight of 
1500 to 2000 feet. The interior is undulating with ridges of low, round 
ed hills that seldom rise more than 500 feet above the general level. 
This, near the central watershed, varies from 1000 to 1800 feet, which 
may be taken as the general hight of the interior of the peninsula. The 
highest part of the main interior mass is near the high granite area be- 
tween the headwaters of the Peribouka, Manicuagan and Outardes riv- 
ers, flowing into the St. Lawrence; the East Main and Big rivers, flow- 
ing into Hudson bay, and the Koksoak, flowing into Ungava bay. Its 
general elevation exceeds 2000 feet. The interior is almost flat so that 
in an area of 200,000 square miles there is not a difference of more than 
300 or 400 feet. It is covered with myriads of lakes occupying at least 
one-fourth of the total area. Some exceed 500 square miles. Many 
are mere ponds. 
"The channels of most of the rivers of Labrador are of very ancient 
origin, apparently dating back to a period before the deposition of the 
Cambrian rocks, and have been mainly formed by normal erosion." 
Full details of the geography compose the i-emainder of the report, 
and that of Mr. Hoffman, which follows, gives all particulars of the 
chemical and mineralogical work done in the laboratory at Ottawa dur- 
ing the year. E. w. c. 
