142 The American Geologist. September, i897 
face. Here not only tlie clay, but all excepting the larger 
fragments had been carried away along the smooth stream 
bed. So complete is the destruction of the moraine by this 
means and by the crevassing of the ice surface further down, 
that we were unable to say where the moraine reached the 
fjord. The sea front of the glacier showed no signs of the 
presence of any medial moraine, and hence we conclude that 
it has all found its way to the bottom of the glacier. 
Drainage on the Tee Surface. There was distinct drainage 
on the ice surface. Innumerable tiny streams occurred, and 
either cascaded into the crevasses or flowed rapidly down over 
the margin of the glacier. Small lakes also exist in the irreg- 
ularities of the ice surface, and one that was seen had an area 
of about an eighth of a mile by 75 yards. Its waters were 
clear and its bottom entirely free from sediment. 
The large stream which flowed parallel to the mount Schur- 
man medial moraine received its supply in great part from 
the marginal drainage along the boundary of this nunatak. 
We followed it for more than a mile and found it flowing in a 
valley, often bounded by a steep wall rising to the hight of 15 
or 20 feet. The slope was rapid, and its width varied from a 
few yards to ten or fifteen. In no place was it narrow enough 
to be crossed without wading. Finally, about a mile from 
the nunatak. the stream turned abruptly at right angles, cross- 
ing the moraine and flowing toward the south, in a canon with 
walls twenty or thirty feet high. It was impossible to follow 
this stream further, but from the fact that it was flowing to- 
ward a much crevassed part of the glacier, we had no doubt 
that it soon disappeared beneath the surface of the ice. 
Nature of the Ice Surface. The surface of the glacier 
presented two opposite types of outline, the smooth, hard and 
only slightly crevassed surface, over which travel was moder- 
ately easy, and certain very much crevassed areas which could 
not be traversed. Of course there was every gradation be- 
tween these extremes. The crevassed portion was greatly 
roughened by melting, so that it became a maze of deep cracks 
with intermediate hills of clear, slippery ice. Attempts to 
penetrate this were in every case given up after a journey of 
a few dozen yards. The crevassed areas are of two kinds, 
those located on the surf ace of the ice where it swells upward 
