146 The American Geologist. September, i897 
distinctl}' stratified, (Fig. 2. plate VIII) ; but unlike them I 
found no contortion of the laiuinje. The banding was won- 
derfully even, and the layers parallel, being deflected only by 
irregularities of the bed. Nor were there any upturned layers 
such as those recently described by professor Salisbury.* I 
found none of the surface moraines to which Lieut. Peary had 
called my attention, and which professor Salisbury has recent- 
ly described and offered as an explanation the tiieorj^ that the}'- 
are due to the upturned edges of the debris-tilled lamiiue.f 
The amount of debris in the ice along the margin was slight, 
and the fragments varied in size from large boulders to clay 
bands. 
■Movement. The movement of this part of the ice along the 
land margin was continuous. In other words, although there 
was much melting along the glacier terminus, the ice cap does 
not move out to the point where melting exceeds supply, but 
goes off toward the land, where considerable is melted, and is 
then deflected by the valley walls and turned ofl^' toward the 
valley tongues. In the case of the Cornell glacier there is 
this ice drainage along the valley walls toward the more re- 
stricted fjord ; and as the ice is turned b}' the land, its velocity 
becomes higher, because more and more is supplied to the 
narrow exit. Therefore not only in the narrow valley tongues, 
but even along the land margin, the supply of glacier ice 
from the iiiterior is destroyed only in small degree b}^ melting 
and maiiily by breaking off in the sea and floating away. 
Around the nunataks the conditions are somewhat different; 
here the ice comes upon the land in a direct way, piles up 
against the stoss or east side, and then divides, flowing away 
along the side of the nunatak. 
The motion along the margin of the ice cap is therefore dif- 
ferent from place to place and will vary with the thickness of 
the ice covering. While the glacier front is standing at a 
certain place, the direction of ice movement in the glacier 
valley tongue will be directly outward along the axis of the 
valley; but a few miles distant, on the valley sides, the move- 
ment will be diagonally along the valley walls toward the ax- 
is. With a thicker ice covering, overspreading all the land, 
*Jour. Geol. 
■fjour. Geol. 
