The Margin of the Cornell Glacier. 147 
the advance would be directly outward from the interior : and 
hence in the two stages the stride would vary in direction in 
the same place. With this deflection in ice movement there is 
of course also a deflection in transportation. Materials brought 
from the interior nearly to the land margin instead of being 
deposited on the land may move along its edge down toward, 
and even into the sea. 
Attack on the Xnnatak. Around the nunatak the ice 
shows ver}' distinctly the difference in attack on the stoss and 
lee sides. Coming against the eastern face of mount Schur- 
man, the ice piles up on the back and then divides; and it is 
evident that all along the eastern, northern, and southern sides 
of the nunatak the ice is scouring with rapidity. But on the 
west side the currents unite at a distance of two or three hun- 
dred yards below the end of the nunatak, and there is no indi- 
cation that the union of these two tongues is made sufficiently 
early to scour the western mountain face. There is a stagnant 
block of ice between the mountain and the united currents that 
come around the nunatak. That this effect has been notice- 
able throughout the history of mount Schurman is plainly 
shown by the topography. The entire mountain has recently 
been submerged beneath the glacier ; yet the western side is so 
precipitous that standing on the margin one looks down a 
nearly vertical precipice upon the ice 1000 feet below ; and if 
one should fall from the edge of this he would go at least 200 
feet without striking the rock wall. Upon this margin, al- 
though recently glaciated, there is almost no glacial scouring. 
The much higher Devil's Thumb shows that the same condi- 
tions once existed there. The eastern side is distinctly glaci- 
ated ; but a stone dropped from the western face falls a thous- 
and feet before striking rock, and this face is greatly rough- 
ened.* 
Moraine at the Ice Terniinnx. — In the Sea. What there 
is in the sea at the base of the glacier we had no means of 
telling: but I doubt very much if extensive moraines are ac- 
cumulating there. Practically all of the debris brought by 
the ice is distributed in the lower layers of the glacier. There 
is none to be washed down from the top and front, and thus 
to accumulate in the sea. All must come from the bottom. 
*For this observation I am indebted to Mr. J. O. Martin. 
