174 The American Geologist. September 1897 
faiiiially very closely related and that those constituting the 
overlying Hannibal shales also have close affinities with the 
lower member. No special effort was made to determine the 
full faunas of the higher beds, as the critical evidence that 
was needed was in regard to the fauna of the Louisiana 
(Lithographic) limestone. The shales have, however, proved 
to be very barren in organic remains. Towards the top where 
they become sandy a number of the lower species are found. 
That the shales do not appear to be fossiliferous is not re- 
markable. Since they manifestl}'^ do not contain abundant 
remains in a good state of preservation they have not been 
searched so carefully by fossil collectors as have the other 
beds. At Burlington, where there are excellent exposures and 
numerous active collectors, besides a host of transient ones, 
the same shales remained for half a century without a fauna 
to be ascribed to them. But of late they have been shown to 
be abundantly supplied with fossils. Without exception the 
latter appear to be characteristic Devonian forms. As yet, 
however, the fauna has not been studied sufficiently to be 
specificall}^ listed, but the brachiopods are for the most part 
very similar to, if not identical with, the species found in 
undoubted Devonian shales farther northward. The cepha- 
lopods are represented by large forms of Cyrtoceras, Gompho- 
ceras and Phrafimoceras. One belonging to the latter genus 
may prove to be Winchell's P. e.vpan.siini. Another very char- 
acteristic phase of the fauna is the non-trilobitic crustaceans, 
of w^hich a very considerable number have been found. They 
have very close affinities with Tropidocfn'is and Amphipeltis. 
It appears, then, that the Devonian fauna characteristic of 
the region extends up to the top of the Hannibal shales in 
northeastern Missouri, at Louisiana especially, and that the 
"Kinderhook" shales of southeastern Iowa, as typically devel- 
oped at Burlington and corresponding in great part to the 
Hannibal shales, appear to carrj' no other remains than those 
of pronounced Devonian types. The upper part of the sec- 
tion, usually regarded as Kinderhook at Burlington, in fact 
all the thin limestone and sandstone bands down to the main 
body of shale may be now more .properly considered as the 
equivalent of the Chouteau limestone, that is, the uppermost 
member of the so-called Kinderhook in Missouri. 
