176 The American Geologist. September, 189T 
the Mississippi river, is at the base of the Chouteau limestone 
(limited). At this horizon there is so great a faunal hiatus 
that there is scarcely a species that is common to the beds on 
either side. 
2. That instead of the so-called Kinderhook containing in 
its fauna a mingling of Devonian and Carboniferous types 
there are really two faunas that are perfectly distinct, weli 
defined, and do not merge into each other. The one is char- 
acteristically Devonian in character, and the other is striking- 
ly Carboniferous in general aspect. 
3. The basal line of the lower Carboniferous or Mississip- 
pian series is the base of the Chouteau limestone, and the low- 
est member of the four-fold series contains only one formation, 
instead of the three heretofore commonly ascribed to it. 
4. The early reference of a part of the so-called Kinder- 
hook or "Chemung to the Devonian was correct in fact^ 
though done entirely through erroneous correlations and a 
misconception of the real facts. 
5. The evidence afforded by the faunas of the region is in 
close accord with the facts obtained regarding discordant 
sedimentation and the sti'atigraphical and lithological char- 
acters of the formations themselves. 
THE PREGLACIAL CUYAHOGA VALLEY. 
By S. J. Pierce, Cleveland, O. 
(Plate XIII .) 
The Cuyahoga river is a stream emptying into lake Erie 
within the city limits of Cleveland, O. The account given in 
vol. I of the report of the Ohio Geological Survey, by Dr. J. 
S. Newberry, showing the existence of a much greater depth 
to the Cuyahoga valley, has been quoted by many later writ- 
ers as evidence of the fact that the rocky bottom of lake Erie 
is situated much below the bottom of the clay covering it,. 
and which is reached at an average depth of about 83 feet 
below the lake level. 
In his report showing that the former bed of the Cuyahoga 
river is situated far below the present one. Dr. Newberr}' gives 
