30 The American Geologist. January, 1892 
part imperfect, but an abundant flora exists near New river in 
Virginia, which has been collected by Mr. R. D. Lacoe. It has 
not been studied in detail, but enough has been ascertained to 
show that its facies is Devonian rather than Carboniferous.* The 
lower Pocono in’ Pennsylvania, containing thin coal beds, may 
prove to be the same with the series near New river, which 
disappears altogether before the state line is reached at the 
south. f 
The molluscan fauna of the Chemung shows no intimate rela- 
tion to that of the Lower Carboniferous. True, not a few Car- 
boniferous genera characterize the Chemung, but in like manner 
some Devonian genera characterize the Upper Silurian. The 
plant remains of the Chemung show somewhat greater affinity. to 
the Carboniferous, but there is not enough of the material to jus- 
tify positive conclusions in any direction; at the same time these 
plants are closely allied to the Erian flora of Canada, occupying 
a somewhat similar position in the general column. 
The physical break between Pocono and Catskill seems to be 
sufficiently well marked at most localities along the eastern out- 
crop, as well as along the southern border of Pennsylvania; so 
that where Pocono and Chemung go beneath the surface they are 
sharply separated. The Pocono goes under in Fayette and West- 
moreland counties of Pennsylvania, as a sandstone containing 
very little shale; but when it reappears in northwestern Pennsyl- 
vania, in Crawford county, it is sandstone on top with much shale 
below, so that the separation from the underlying Chemung is by 
no means so distinct. Prof. White, in making his correlations 
with Ohio, found difficulty in determining the equivalents of the 
Cleveland and Bedford shales of that state, which were regarded 
then as belonging to the Waverly or Lower Carboniferous. But 
Prof. Edward Orton, several years ago, found it necessary to 
place the Cleveland shales in the Devonian; and _ still more re- 
cently, Prof. Herrick’s detailed studies have shown that the Bed- 
ford shales carry the Chemung fauna, as was suggested many 
years ago by Prof. Hall. But beyond all doubt, the lower por- 
*J. P. Lesley in A Dictionary of Fossils Found in Pennsylvania and 
elsewhere. Vol. I1I. Addenda, p. x1. 
tIt is worth noting here that, during the study of Wayne and Susque- 
hanna counties, Prof. White placed the upper limit of Catskill nearly 
400 feet higher in the column than he did in his later publications. It is 
not at allimprobable that his original plane of division may prove to be 
the proper one for the whole eastern outcrop to beyond New river. 
