Review of Recent Geological Literature. 5T 
its latent heat, its conversion to steam, its solvent power and its action 
as a chemical agent and compound. Air is then taken as an example 
of aériform matter, and the student is put through various experiments, 
under the guidance of an instructor to show the weight of air, its relation. 
of volume to pressure (Law of Mariotte), its eXpansion, and tension in 
relation to heat and to its content of aqueous vapor. Oxygen, hydrogen, 
sulphur and indeed all the common elements are thus analyzed, together’ 
with their combinations, their properties discovered, or demonstrated, 
and made familiar by repeated operations and accompanying questions. 
which present the substances in different lights. Thus all the funda- 
mental principles also of molecular and atomic weights and their calcu- 
lation are illustrated. This leads on to chemical symbols and notation 
and quantivalent expressions. The beginner who conscientiously pur- 
sues the course marked out cannot fail to become grounded thoroughly 
in the fundamental principles of chemistry, and he must conceive a sin- 
cere love for the science and a reverence for the constancy of nature’s. 
laws, if not for the simplicity with which they may be demonstrated. 
Report on the geology of the four counties, Union, Snyder, Mifflin and 
Juniata, with descriptions of the fossil ore mines, Marcellus carbonate 
ore mines, Oriskany glass sand mines and Lewistown limestone quarries; 
illustrated by two colored geological maps. E. V. D’INviniiERs. Re- 
port F,, of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania; a report of 
progress, 420 pp., 1888-1889. Harrisburg, 1891. 
This adds another valuable number to that large series of publications 
devoted to the detailed description of the counties of Pennsylvania. 
The accompanying maps show that the area described is one of the 
most complicated in the Appalachian region of the state. Mr. D’Invil- 
liers has wrought patiently and well, and has put his results simply yet 
clearly and compactly into print. The volume will bear with important 
testimony on the correlations which yet have to be made of the forma- 
tions of the state, whether between those of New York or Virginia and 
those of Pennsylvania, or those of Pennsylvania within the limits of 
Pennsylvania. It is an important and a great service yet due to geology 
in America, that the elaborate survey that has been carried on in Penn- 
sylvania for so many years under Dr. Lesley, shall be rounded out with a 
final report, showing some symmetry and general conclusions. The re- 
ports printed otherwise will fail of much of the good which their cost 
seems to warrant us to expect from them. We judge from Mr. Lesley’s 
letter of transmittal that such a report is in preparation. 
On some new fishes from South Dakota. FE. D. Cork (Am. Naturalist, 
July, 1891, pp. 654-58). Five new species are described, G.phyrura con- 
centrica,? Sardinius blackburnti, Proballostomus longulus, Oligoplarchus 
squamipinnis and Mioplosus multidentatus. Mr. Cove regards their 
characters sufficient to exclude them from the Cretaceous. Their age is. 
Cenozoic, but whether Eocene or Neocene is uncertain. The rock is soft 
and chalky, and the fossils are from the Ree hills. 
Onanew horizon in the St. John Group. G. FE. Marrnew (Canadian 
