Metamorphic Rocks:—fairbanks. 165 
the crest of the ridge above Knoxville, innumerable bodies of 
metamorphic rock are included in the serpentine, among these are 
slate, hornblendic, micaceous, and actinolite schists. These are 
arranged with their longest diameters parallel, and extend in the 
same direction as the mountain ridge, northwest and southeast. 
In addition there are lenticular bodies of diabase, diorite and fine 
orained porphyritic rocks. These crystalline rocks, as a rule, 
have no downward continuation, and like the similarly shaped 
masses of metamorphic rock were probably broken off from deep- 
seated portions, and brought up with the erupting mass. They 
are surrounded by a border one to two inches thick, of a mixture 
of serpentine with the original rock; a condition resulting from 
a slight penetration by the magma. From all observations it ap- 
pears that the serpentine has been capable of effecting only a 
comparatively slight degree of metamorphism on the adjacent or 
included fragments of sedimentary rock. In all this region no 
transition from the metamorphic rocks to serpentine was observed. 
Here, as in many other places in the Coast Range, the serpentine 
is greatly crushed and often reduced to a shaly mass. This ap- 
parent stratification is one reason which led the earlier observers 
to classify the rock as metamorphic. Discarding the idea of a 
sedimentary origin, to my mind, it is due not so much to move- 
ments in the rock produced by the hydration as to dynamical 
action, which has been so pronounced in the Coast Ranges as to 
reduce argillaceous rocks to clay and sandstones to a crumbling 
mass, over stretches of considerable extent. 
No important non-conformity between the Shasta group and the 
Chico could be made out, though there is no doubt about the 
Chico resting unconformably on the metamorphic series. J. 5%. 
Diller says that on Elder creek, Tehama county, no physical break 
could be made out between the Knoxville and the Chico.* HH. 
W. Turner figures and describes the Knoxville and Chico beds of 
Mt. Diablo as conformable.t Neither was any non-conformity 
between these beds found by Prof. Whitney. 
From the foregoing illustrations coupled with my own observa- 
tions, | think we can safely say that no important non-conform- 
ity exists in the Cretaceous, and that it is utterly impossible that 
the great upheaval of the Coast Ranges could have taken place at 
*Bull. Geol. Society of America, Vol. II, p. 207. 
+Bull. Geol. Society of America, Vol. II, p. 400. 
