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6 The American Geologist. April, 1892 
ticline. Further eastward, in the Preston county basin, the coal 
shows about the same structure, but is twice as thick, being 7 to 
ft. at numerous openings. It is valuable as a coking coal, and 
is used for this purpose at Lrondale, Newburg and Austen. — Its 
roof shales show fossil plants, Calamites, Sigillaria, Neuropteris 
flexuosa and N, hirsuta. 
Along the river near Little Falls and also in the Preston county 
basin, the Upper Freeport limestone occurs at from 20 to 25 ft. 
below the Upper Freeport coal, but along the Chestnut ridge an- 
ticlinal it seems to be absent, or but poorly developed. It varies 
from 2 ft. to 8 ft. in thickness, and on weathering shows a mi- 
nute univalve fossil. 
About 35 ft. below the Upper Freeport coal is an horizon at 
which fire clay and iron ore are often found. The iron ore is ¢ 
siliceous shell ore, and was formerly manufactured into iron at 
Clinton furnace. At one place a seam of coal is reported under- 
lying the ore. This seam may be the Lower Freeport coal. 
The next 75 ft. consists of shales and sandstones, the interval con- 
sisting mostly of shales in the western part of this district, but to- 
ward the mountains, these are replaced by a massive sandstone 
that is quite coarse and pebbly and has about the same thickness, 
The next stratum is known over a large district as the ‘three 
ft. vein of coal,” although its thickness is quite variable. On 
White Day creek, this bed shows the following structure ; 
Coal, Ye). = ecu anee 2’ 0” 
Bhale sees see - Ur Le | 
Coal An. Sete eee 0' 10 > Dio oie 
Shale a.c see coe 1 3 | 
Coalee en. iti ile 0 
Only the two upper benches of coal are mined; the 15 inches of 
shale in the bottom being too much to remove for the 12 inches of 
coal beneath. The roof here is of thin bedded sandstone and is 
excellent. Elsewhere along the Chestnut ridge anticlinal, this coal 
is seldom over 2 feet in thickness, and usually has porous, sandy 
beds for a roof that are incapable of sustaining great pressure. 
Prof. White shows this coal to have the following structure 
in the Newburg shaft ; 
Coal Aiea sings eee ite Ooi) 
Slate.../izccuonewen oer 0’ 3" | 
Coal, slaty, “ccccce seme 2! UME (UE 7s 
Fireclay:... teens 2! Q" 
Coal; 00d 725. wes .te owe" 0" 
Immediately under this coal is a limestone about 2 ft. thick. 
