Review of Recent Geological Literature. 263 
natural gas and asphalt rock in western Kentucky, EDWARD ORTON, pp. 233, 
Frankfort. 
Geological sections and maps. Report submitted April 2, 1891. 
This report contains a review of the prominent theories of the origin 
of petroleum and natural gas, its geological relations, and the phe- 
nomena of the different oil fields, methods of utilization, its physical and 
chemical properties. It is based on the observations made by professor 
Orton in Kentucky, in the seasons of 1888 and 1889. The geological 
structure of western Kentucky is discussed, and illustrated by a section 
from Owensboro to Frankfort. This is followed by a brief history of the 
development of petroleum and its products in the state, included in the 
district reported on, each county or district being treated separately. It 
is a valuable report for the state, and will have numerous readers. 
On the Lower Devonian Fish-Fauna of Campbeliton, New Brunswick, by 
A.S. Woopwarp F. G. §., (Geol. Mag., 11, 9, Jan. 1892, pp. 1-6) 
The author describes a number of fishes which were collected during 
1891. There are described one new genus, Protodus, which is named 
from detached teeth only, and is an elasmobranch, and three new species, 
Protodus jext, Diplodus problematicus, and Acanthodes semistriatus. 
On the Characters of Some Palwozoic Fishes, by E.D. Cope. (Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Museum, Vol. xrv, pp. 447-463, No. 866.) 
This valuable paper is divided into seven sections, each complete in 
itself. In Part 1, Prof. Cope announces and describes a new elasmo- 
branch genus from the Permian of Nebraska. The genus is named from 
a single tooth, which resembles in some respects Oxyrhina and Dendro- 
dus. He thinks it belongs to a cladodont shark and has named it Styp- 
tobasis knightiana, after Mr. W. C. Knight, who found the tooth and de- 
‘termined the formation. Styptobasis knightiana ‘was a large shark of car- 
nivorous habits and its presence indicates the existence of a marine fauna 
whose remains have not yet been discovered.” 
Part Il. On New Ichthyodorulites,in which are described Hybodus reg- 
wars from the Triassic of Baylor Co.,Texas, and Ctenacanthus amblyxiphias 
from the Permian of Texas. 
Part III. On the Cranial Structure of Macropetalichthys. In this article 
Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis Owen is compared with Coccosteus, Di_ 
nichthys, etc. It is allied to Dinichthys and referred to the Placoder- 
mata (Arthrodira). ‘The general resemblance of Macropetalichthys to 
the Arthrodira renders it almost certain that it possesses a lower jaw 
and that it is a member of that order.” In his synopsis of the families 
of vertebrata (Am. Nat. 23, p. 856), Prof. Cope included this order (Placo- 
dermi) in the Crossopterygia on the supposition that they possessed a 
maxillary arch and suspensorium. In a foot note to page 856 of his 
synopsis he adds: “The position of this order is not yet certain.” In 
this present paper he announces that A. 8. Woodward in his catalogue, 
has placed Placodermata in the Dipnoi, thus indicating the absence of 
maxillary arch and suspensorium. The structure of the skull of Ma- 
cropetalichthys tends to confirm this. Newberry and others have allied 
Macropetalichthys to the sturgeons; the author concludes that the Arth- 
