312 The American Geologist. May, 1892: 
the surface of the land.* Had the edge of the ice been constant 
in position for a long period of time, it is believed that these 
bowlders would have accumulated in the form of a ridge, or 
‘‘bowlder wall.” That they are so spread out as to constitute a 
bowlder belt, instead of a ‘‘bowlder wall,” is thought to be evi- 
dence that the margin of the ice was not constant in position. 
I was fortunate enough to visit the terminal moraine of the 
Germans, in the localities which are described as typical, with 
Drs. Behrendt and Wahnschaffe in the summer of 1888. From 
the disposition and the form of the ridge under consideration, L 
was led to believe, that, like our own bowlder belts, it was largely 
composed of materials which had become superglacial before 
reaching the margin of the ice, and that the bowlder wall consti- 
tutes a good example of a “dump” moraine, Dr. Wahnschatte 
urges that the ice sheet could have nu superglacial material (p. 
107). But it is believed to be possible that material might have 
been received far up into the body of the ice in the course of its. 
passage over the mountainous lands to the north, and that by 
surface ablation this englacial material arrived at the upper sur- 
face of the ice sometime before it reached the limit of its south- 
ward journey. Under these circumstances, such superglacial ma- 
terial might possess many of the characteristics of the ground 
moraine material. It would have been subjected to much more 
wear than would the material carried from the outset upon the 
surface of the ice. : 
My conception of the correlation of the German terminal mo- 
raine (Hudimordue), and the ‘‘ground moraine landscape” (Grund- 
nordnentaudschast), with the drift formations of the United States. 
is this: The Baltic ridge, characterized by the :‘ground moraine 
landscape” or’ +-knob and basin” topography, constitutes a belt or 
“tangle” of terminal moraines, accumulated beneath the oscillat- 
ing margin of the ice, when and where it was for a long time 
nearly stationary. This variety of terminal moraine has been 
designated ‘‘submarginal.”” The German terminal moraine 
(Endimordne). vesting upon this great submarginal terminal mo- 
raine, is a -‘dump” moraine. accumulated during some minor in- 
terval of the time occupied in the accumulation of the greater 
moraine, when the ice edge was more constant than at other times. 
“Chamberlin, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 1, 
p. 28, 1890. 
