340 The American Geologist. May, 1892 
products, which had an aggregate spot value of $328,914,000, bituminous 
coal was $122,000,000, anthracite coal, $89,000,00C ; building stone, lime, 
and petroleum, each about $25,000,000; and natural gas $22,662,000. 
Next to these. but far below, are cement and salt, each about $4,000,000. 
The report of the director and the administrative reports of the heads 
of divisions, which together fill 252 pages, are accompanied by three im- 
portant papers, entitled, General account of the Fresh-water Morasses 
of the United States, with a description of the Dismal Swamp district of 
Virginia, and North Carolina, by N.S. Shaler ; the Penokee Iron-bear- 
ing series of Michigan and Wisconsin, by R. D. Irving and C. R. Van 
Hise ; and The Fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Oleuellus zone, by C. 
D. Walcott. Reviews of the tirst and second of these papers were pre- 
sented in the March Gro.ocisr and of the second in vol. viii, p. 82. 
Part II, relating to irrigation, describes the surveys which have been 
entered upon in the great arid region of the plains and of the Cordil- 
leran belt, with its enclosed basins. The topographic work was in 
charge of Prof. A. H. Thompson, and the engineering and hydraulic 
work under Capt. C. E. Dutton. 
Mt. St. Elias and its Glaciers. By I. C. RusseLt. The mist which has 
so long enshrouded this mountain has been in part dispelled during the 
past summer by the expedition of Mr. Russell of which he gives an ac- 
count in the American Journal of Science and the National Geographic 
Magazine. Though unable to reach the summit on account of bad 
_ weather, he camped with his party at an elevation of eight thousand feet 
for twelve days, and made one unsuccessful expedition toward the sum- 
mit, the only one allowed by the weather. Snow also prevented much 
examination of the rocks but he reports them as consisting for the most 
part of brown sandstone and dark shale, with intrusions of diorite and a 
few beds of limestone. The dip is almost invariably to the northeast 
but the thickness could not even be estimated in consequence of crush- 
ing and overthrusts on a grand scale. No clue is given to the geological 
date of the rocks, but as specimens of shells yet living in the adjoining 
sea were found in recent strata on the sides of the mountain the conclu- 
sion is reached that its elevation must be very recent. Indeed, Mr. Rus- 
sell says that in his opinion the glaciers took pos:ession of the ground 
at once, leaving no interval for the action of stream-erosion. 
The hight of the limit of perpetual snow is given at 2000 feet and 
some of the glaciers are fifty miles in length. Many of these unite to 
form the great Malaspina glacier with an approximate area of 1500 square 
miles and lying at an elevation of about 1500 feet. This glacier de- 
bouches on Yakutat bay and the Pacific ocean between which and the 
ice intervenes a wide drift-covered area partly overgrown with timber. 
Mr. Russell calls special attention in his concluding paragraphs to the 
marginal lakes which are formed at the hight of a thousand or fifteen 
hundred feet, wherever the drainage is blocked by the ice and to the 
deltas and terraces that are formed on the edges by these lakes which will 
be left,-he says, high on the mountain side when the glacier melts away. 
