Kawishiwin Agglomerate.— Winchell. 361 
The Kawishiwin greenstones most perfectly illustrate these 
principles, for there can be no question but that they are the 
northern representatives of the greenstones, or green schists, of 
the southern side of lake Superior, and of more eastern localities. 
The greenstones are a well known great series of Arcnzean rocks, 
and they have been studied by many eminent geologists, voth in 
America and in Europe. Their stratigraphic position in the 
Archean has been made out, with substantial concord, in several 
European countries and in various parts of America. Geologists 
have divided, however, on the question of their origin, as already 
intimated, and at the present day the lines lie substantially where 
they did one hundred years ago—between the plutonists and the 
neptunists—but the disagreement in general has been reduced to 
a much smaller limit, and involves fewer varieties of rock than 
one hundred years ago. Then basic dikes, for instance, were 
claimed by both parties, but now are given up to the plutonists. 
Then all the granitic, or crystalline rocks, including the bedded 
schists, were claimed by both, but now the bedded crystalline 
schists are given up to the neptunist. Then all crystallne iron 
ores were claimed by both, now they are divided between them. 
As the field has narrowed the contest has deepened, not in the 
personal animosities and epithets that marked the early disput- 
ants, but in the acumen and watchfulness and the industry of the 
parties engaged. According to structural evidence the neptunist 
asserts that the greenstones cannot be relinquished from his own- 
ership, but he has to admit that his claim loses some of its valid- 
ity when his evidence fades out and some new adverse claims con- 
front him. He sees the stratification which has been his guide 
in ten thousand instances, lose some of its marked characteristics, 
and finally disappear or show itself faintly under some dis- 
guises, and so long as his known characteristics of neptunic rocks 
are not legible in these he has not a clear title, and he has to ad- 
mit it. On the other hand the plutonist, microscope in hand, de- 
clares that the mineral composition is such that the constituent 
grains must have come from eruption, and could not be the result 
of ordinary erosion and sedimentation. This claim is based on a 
familiarity with the elements of known eruptive rocks from other 
localities, and it cannot be safely disputed. But the student of 
the physical structure returns to the argument by pointing to the 
remnants of stratification, and to the occasional occurrence of 
