Gold in Placers.— Wood. 371 
p. broad, the walls 3.6 » thick. Spring cells 24 » square, the walls 
2.4 » thick. 
Resin passages prominent, chiefly in the middle of the autumn 
wood, 21 » to 100 » broad; interior cells often conspicuous. 
Radial. Medullary rays. Cells equal in length to three or 
more wood cells. Terminations square or very obtuse; septa 
with simple or bordered pits. Upper and lower walls strongly 
pitted—pits simple. Side walls with broadly oval pits, in the 
autumn wood 1-4 for each wood cell, in the spring wood 2-5 for 
each wood cell. Cells 19.2 » broad, walls 4.8 » thick. 
Bordered pits. In autumn wood cells, obscure, remote. Outer | 
ring 12 », inner ring 3.6 » broad. In the spring cells, con- 
tiguous and somewhat flattened, or remote, distant 4.8 » to 24 
in. in one row. Outer ring 12 in. to 16.8 in., inner ring 3.6 in. 
to 4.8 » broad. 
Terminations of the tracheids obtuse or acute. 
Tangential. Medullary rays. Large rays upwards of twenty- 
four cells high plus the central group. Few, chiefly equal, rarely 
and slightly unequal. The small rays one cell broad, 1 to 13 cells 
high. Markings on the tangential walls of tracheids, none. 
Terminations of the trachieds acuminate, strongly overlapping. 
GOLD IN PLACERS. 
HERBERT R. Woop, Missoula, Mont. 
Gold may occur in placers in different ways, and these placers 
may be of very different character. 
1. Along creek beds and in bars and banks of rivers; the 
gold usually in such a case having been carried a long distance. 
2. Insloping banks and beds along the bases and flanks of 
mountains usually not far removed from the source of the gold. 
3. In bars or plateau-like beds extending far out into valleys, 
frequently terminating abruptly in a cliff-like fashion but having 
their sources in the mountain ranges. 
4. In mountain ranges placer beds occur, caused by the de- 
composition of veins, and the placer beds occurring on or near 
the side of these veins. 
5. Along the flanks and at the mouths of gulches, placer beds 
frequently occur, having been washed down and deposited through 
the same denuding forces which formed the gulch. 
