12 The American Geologist. .rannaiy. i'.mm. 
Fig. 9. Longitudinal section of part of possibly a different species 
of Cardiocarpus. This specimen, being badly squeezed or 
preserved, is difficult to understand. It seems to have pos- 
sessed a fibrous exotcsta, the character of whose tissue, be- 
ing pulled apart, is shown in fig. 10. The pattern on the 
inner envelope, and some structures near the peduncle are in- 
dicated. This fruit was about twice the size of the Car- 
diocarpus fig. I. Same horizon, locality and material as for 
specimens figs, i to 8. 
I am not aware of any Cardiocarpus showing more internal 
organization than do these from the coal of What Cheer in 
Iowa, and so possibly they may aid in settling the still open 
question — were cardiocarpa seeds ? 
Though the nodules were quite rich in numbers of the 
fruits figs. I to 8, I failed to detect any of them attached to 
stalk or twig. They lay in the matrix in all positions and scat- 
tered; evidently dropped upon or into the vegetable material 
enclosing them ; in some cases they were in actual contact with 
the inflorescenses. Plate V, and with forms shown in Plates 
VI and \TII. 
To facilitate reference to authorities on Cardiocarpus. the 
following are given : 
Q. J. G S., vol. xxviii, plate 27, fig. 4. (an Australian specimen). 
Manual of Palaeontology, by A. Nicholson, vol. 2. p. 450. 
Cat. Palae. Plants in the British Museum, by R. Kidston, 1886, p. 207. 
Report of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, vol. P. 
(Atlas, Coal Flora) pp. 561-574, plate Ixxxv, figs. 32-50, and plate 
Ixxxvii, fig. 8. 
Palaeontological Botany, by J. H. Balfour, 1872. pp. 65, 66. 
Fossil Botany, by Solms-Laubach, 1891, p. 118. 
Text-book of Geology, by A. Geikie, 1882. p. 731. 
Geological History of Plants, by Sir J. W. Dawson (1888). pp. 
80, 82, 153. 
Acadian Geology (second edition), by Sir J. W. Dawson (1868), 
pp. 459. 460. 
Geological Survey of Ohio (Palaentology, vol. 1). by J. S. New- 
berry, 1873. Plates xli. xliii. 
Geological Mag., 1872, vol. ix. pp. 55, 57. 
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Fossil Plants of the coal measures, part 
viii, by W. C. Williamson. 18 May, 1876, plates xiv, xv, and xvi. 
Reference to Plate J '1 1 1, and Remarks on the Specimens. 
Fig. I. Fragment of a small Pecopteris, shown more or less in dia- 
gram, indicating the form, the shape and disposition of the 
pinnae, with the exterior venation on the right, and some 
