390 The American Geologist. -f""^- ^^°^- 
a gecilogical section entirely across the United States, as com- 
l)ile(l by Dr. A. C. locale, for exhibition in the geological de- 
partment of the National jMuseuni. The horizontal scale was 
two miles to the inch and' the vertical scale 4000 feet to the 
inch ; the entire length of the section, so far as completed, be- 
ing upwards of seventy-five feet out of a final approximation 
of one hundred and twenty (120) feet. As the section is an 
actual compilation from the various surveys, some very inter- 
esting and striking results were brought out. 
During the Si'klxg Recks.s, a party of nine students from 
Harvard University accompanied Prof. W. M. Davis on a geo- 
logical and geographical trip into I^ennsylvania. On the train 
from New York to Scranton via Lackawana road, a running 
cross-section was made of the Triassic lowland and the trap 
ridges, the highland hills and valleys, and the great Appalach- 
ian valley, geological maps in hand. A day was spent on the 
Susquehanna above W'ilkesbarre, to see the meandering valley 
in the Alleghany plateau ; and evidence of at least two cycles 
of erosion was found. Descending the river, a side trip was 
made to the coal regions, where the scenes of industrial desola- 
tion in the anthracite basins was in marked contrast with the 
thrifty agricultural landscape prevailing- outside the Pottsville 
and Pocono ridges. A synclinal ai>ex of Pocono was ascended 
over Herndon, on tlie Susquehanna, then a train ride through 
the five water gaps to Harrisburg. A half day was given to 
the extraordinary meanders of Conedoquinet creek, and a 
morning to the prong of Archean of South Mountain at Read- 
ing. Thence the party returned direct to New York by rail. 
Increased Coal Mining in Pennsylvania. In 1891 the 
number of bituminous coal mines in operation in Pennsylvania 
was 705, while on January ist, 1901, the number had increased 
to 943, an increase of 238, or more than twenty-five per cent. 
Somerset and Armstrong counties have doubled the number 
of their mines, and Cambria county almost so. In the past 
decade Allegheny has gained thirteen ; Armstrong, eleven ; 
lieaver, three: Bedford, five; r)Utler, three; Cambria, fifty-four; 
Center, twelve ; Clearfield, six ; Elk, nine ; Fayette, thirty-two ; 
Huntingdon, four; Indiana, sixteen; Jefferson, eleven; Somer- 
•set, thirty- four ; Washington, six, and, Westmoreland, twenty- 
six. The counties showing losses p.re : Blair, one ; Bradford, 
three ; fiercer, five, and Tioga, three. The remarkable in- 
crease has been greater during the priod 1899- 1900 than in any 
other year of the decade. Ca])tain Baird tlalbcrstadt, of Potts- 
ville, formerly assistant geologist of the Geological Survev of 
Pennsylvania, has just completed an elaborate and extremely 
valuable map of the bituminous coal fields of the state, showing 
the undeveloped and develo])ed areas with the location of every 
commercial coal mine of these regions. — Mines and Minerals. 
