3i8 The American Geologist. May. 1901. 
series, the whole had been folded in two directions and extensively 
faulted and eroded; and at some times before this, enormous masses 
of granite had been intruded, cutting the veins and folds. These gran- 
ites are not all of the same age, but range from pre-Silurian, when 
some of it in the east probably cooled, to Devonian, which is the age 
of the large mass in the western half of the province, if it be one in- 
trusion as seems likely. It is probable that the mountain building was 
pre-Silurian. Before lower Carboniferous times, three-fourths of the 
whole gold series had been eroded from some regions. 
Dr. Dal}^ has done well to emphasize the real lack of mountainous 
projections in this part of Nova Scotia. Transportation companies' 
prospectuses, with the too vivid descriptions of untrained travelers, 
liave given a prevailing impression of ruggedness where none exists. 
For this there is excuse; but there is none for the statements on the 
subject which have appeared in some geological articles. 
The structure and history of the Triassic area and the history of the 
Bay of Fundy trough are reviewed at length, from the literature. The 
main peneplain has been affected bj"- two warps, one in the direction 
about S. 30° E., east of Digby ; the second transverse to it, affecting the 
western part. These are believed to have aided in the formation of 
the Tertiary lowland on the Trias, by reviving subaerial work. The 
Carboniferous areas are referred to the same age as regards their de- 
nudation, from similarity of bight and topographic form. The dates of 
the two peneplains have been placed as Cretaceous and Tertiary, on 
account of similarity with corresponding ones along oui own Atlantic 
coast. At the close of the paper, (p. 98), a table of homologous forms. 
expressed in terms of history is presented, comparing New England 
and Acadia : and the general resemblance is certainly striking. 
Shore and stream development are not considered ; but, especially 
with no topographic maps for the area, this would require a Inrge 
amount of field work, and doubtless will be given to us in time. Cape 
Breton is entirely left out of the problem ; and perhaps this is well, for 
it requires special study, being largely a topographic and geologic unit 
of itself. It may be said, however, that it has had a somewhat similar 
development in outline. 
The gelatine plates are for the most part excellent, and give very 
vividly, especiallj^ to one who knows the structure of the country, some 
of the chief topographic phases. The map leaves something to be de- 
sired, in that it is too light ; and it might better have occupied the 
whole page, the legend being placed on a separate sheet. 
On the whole, any criticisms of this first study must be of a minor 
nature; and we owe much to Dr. Daly for being the first to give us 
an intelligent idea of the topographic development of a country hitherto 
rather neglected. The recent tendency of American students to invade 
Canada deserves a passing notice. Within a year, for instance, two 
more studies, of a quite detailed nature, will be published from Har- 
vard University, dealing with problems which, from the nature of the 
work, have been largely overlooked by previous observers. j. e. w. 
