Edward Drinker Cope. — Frazer. 87 
6,710 feet above tide water). It is a great background to the many 
ranges east of it, and rises like a wall from the Tennessee valley. 
Mitchell's grave is on one of the knobs which compose the summit 
of Mt. Clingman; at the foot of the other is a cave beneath overhang- 
ing rocks; also a log shanty in which I spent the night with the guide. 
The mule went into the back room which had neither roof nor floor, 
and while the guide cut wood, I carpentered, trying to stop the gaps 
between the logs. I nailed up my saddle blanket for protection, and 
laid down my gum blanket for a bed; for bed clothes I put on my 
overcoat and covered up with a shawl. We had a great fire, of wood 
of Abies balsamea (which covers these mountains) and so prepared 
for the night. Clouds and fog soon covered us, and then the rain be- 
gan and soaked everything, till after morning light. When I stepped 
out. we were on an island, with an ocean of white clouds around and 
at our feet. We ate our breakfast of cold corn bread and chicken and 
commenced our march through the wet bush for Mitchell's peak. My 
gum blanket kept me dry and by the time we ascended the peak, the 
clouds broke and I had a wonderful view of the opening of the valleys, 
and the looming up of the peaks, which appeared first as black islands 
in an ocean of snow. When we started on the descent all were clear 
except the lower ones near the course of the French Broad river 
which lay under an immovable mass of white clouds, whose upper 
surface looked like that of a vast glacier. On the mountain I found 
several interesting insects, salamanders, and at its base, fishes. Soon 
after my return we came here, a day's stage ride from Asheville." * * 
* * Soon after starting on the descent, a babbling brook dis- 
closed the head waters of the Catawba, a stream, the fish, and other 
fauna of which I have had great curiosity to examine. This place has 
furnished me a pretty good opportunity. I have found already 25 
species of which d-'j are new. * *" 
During 1868 were published twenty-six scientific papers. 
"Raleigh, -North Carolina, Dec. 11, 1869 * * I spent four weeks 
east of this city investigating the marl region, and collecting its fos- 
sils. This region is mostly Miocene, and the formation is more large- 
ly developed here than in any part of the United States, excepting 
perhaps Nebraska. It is covered with a great deal of fine forest. The 
most striking species is the turpentine pine. * * j j^^j pretty good 
success in my fossil collecting, and with more knowledge of the coun- 
try could have done much better. . I will however be able to make 
some valuable additions to pala?ontology, and will have all the verte- 
brate fossils obtained by the state survey, to determine. The majority 
of mammalia are cetaceans, I have at least 15 species of these. 
In 1869 were published twenty-five scientific papers. 
During 1870 thirty-nine scientific papers appeared. 
"Haddonfield, N. J., March 20, 1871 * * * '-j ^^^g ^t Phoenix- 
ville recently and found many fine additions. Besides more reptiles and 
