190 TJie America?i Geologist. September, igod 
more complex, and the opportunities afforded the geologists 
in charge to study broad problems became more and more 
limited. Finally, it was found that the administrative relations 
were not only difficult but expensive, since they involved the 
maintenance of independent offices and clerks, and in the in- 
terests of economy and efficiency the system of geographic 
divisions was abolished in 1893. I" its place was substituted an 
organization by parties, of which there were at first twenty and 
subsequently nearly double that number, each acting inde- 
pendently of the other except in so far as they were all brought 
into cooperation through the assistant in geology to the di- 
rector. Broad coordination of scientific work was for the time 
befng subordinated to the accumulation of facts, especially in 
the form of geological maps, rather than to the consideration of 
philosophic problems. After six years of this activity in the 
working out of special problems, the time has come for broad- 
er supervision and coordination of work, and to this end the 
following appointments have been made: 
Geo. F. Becker, Geologist in charge of Physical and Chem- 
ical Research. 
T. C. Chamberlin, Geologist in charge of all Pleistocene 
Geology. 
S. F. Emmons, Geologist in charge of Investigation of 
Metalliferous Ores. 
C. Willard Hayes, Geologist in charge of Investigation of 
Non-Metalliferous Economic Deposits. 
T. W. Stanton, Paleontologist in charge of Paleontology. 
C. R. Van Hise, Geologist in charge of Pre-Cambrian and 
Metamorphic Geology. 
Bailey Willis (Assistant in Geology to the Director), 
Geologist in charge of Areal Geology. 
The field of supervision of each geologist in charge is co- 
extensive with the work of the geological survey and relates 
to all parties engaged in work connected with his special sub- 
ject. Flis assistance in field or of^ce work may appropriately 
be offered or invited. His opinion is to be considered authori- 
tative in subjects under his supervision, and his approval to 
any report may be required. This authority, however, is re- 
stricted to the scientific aspects of the work. Administrative 
direction remains as heretofore wholly in the hands of the 
