B. M. Landau & L. T. Groves 
Novapex 12(1-2): 1-38, 10 mars 2011 
Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. 
Text-figure 9; Figs 132-139 
Dimensions and type material. Holotype; NMB 
H18360, height 27.2 mm (Figs 132-135); paratype 1 
NHMW 2010/0036/0022, height, 26.4 mm (Figs 136- 
137); paratype 2 NHMW 2010/0036/0023, height, 
22.2 mm (Figs 138-139). 
Type locality. lower shell bed, 1 km Southwest of 
Casa Cantaure, about 10 km west of Pueblo Nuevo, 
Falcôn State, Venezuela (=locality GS12PGNA of 
Gibson-Smith & Gibson-Smith, 1979). 
Type stratum. Cantaure Formation (early Miocene: 
Burdigalian). 
Description. Shell medium-sized, solid, pyriform, 
posteriorly swollen, in latéral profile dorsal curvature 
regularly attenuated abapically, spire involute, covered 
by adapical callus; sides rounded, moderately 
callused, callus ascending to 'A-'A shell height; 
ventrum weakly convex in profile; margination (sensu 
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004) prominent, giving the left 
anterior terminal a pinched appearance; aperture of 
medium width, anterior portion almost straight, 
posteriorly curving to the left, anterior portion very 
slightly wider; siphonal canal relatively long, narrow, 
abaxially asymmetrical; exhalant channel moderately 
produced, linrited by parallel lips; columella 
denticulate along entire length, bearing 22-23 short 
denticles, which extend as folds a short distance onto 
the columella peristome and a short distance across 
the angulation onto the ventrum; anterior portion of 
angulation swollen and ridge like, overhanging the 
fossula; anterior columellar teeth more prominent; 
inner % of columella peristome smooth; terminal fold 
oblique (sensu Schilder & Schilder, 1938), separated 
from the columellar teeth by a deep groove, 
moderately developed, bordering the siphonal canal, 
small internai lamina (sensu Dolin & Lozouet, 2004); 
fossula relatively well developed but poorly delimited, 
concave, very steep, ridges originating from the 
anterior columellar teeth run onto the fossula, become 
obsolète mid-fossula, which is smooth, strengthening 
again at the inner edge to forrn inner teeth; 20-27 short 
labral teeth developed at the lip edge, hardly running 
onto the labrum. Traces of spotted colour pattern 
preserved on the dorsum, enhanced under UV light. 
Shell Formula. 25.3 (65.1 - 50.1) 23: 22 
specimen 
collection number 
length 
Width 
height 
LT 
CT 
Holotype (Figs 132-135) 
NMB H18360 
27.2 
17.5 
14.1 
27 
23 
Paratype 1 (Figs 136-137) 
NHMW 2010/0036/0022 
26.4 
17.4 
12.3 
23 
22 
Paratype 2 (Figs 138-139) 
NHMW 2010/0036/0023 
22.2 
14.5 
11.6 
20 
22 
Table 10. Dimensions and number of teeth; Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. 
Text-figure 9. Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. Holotype 
NMB H18360 (NMB coll.), length 27.2 mm. lower 
shell bed, 1 km Southwest of Casa Cantaure, about 10 
km west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguanâ Peninsula, 
Falcôn State, Venezuela. 
Discussion. Zonaria pseudotumulus n. sp. is closely 
similar to the early Miocene Z. tumulus (Heilprin, 
1886) from the Chipola Formation of Florida, but 
differs in having a less globose shell, the anterior 
portion of the aperture is less expanded, the outer lip 
is not sinuous and the fossula is not as wide nor as 
strongly ridged as in Z. tumulus. Zonaria spurcoides 
(Gabb, 1873) (lectotype; Figs 161-164) from the early 
Miocene Baitoa Formation (Figs 140-143), early 
Pliocène Gurabo Formation of the Dominican 
Republic, and early Miocene Chipola Formation of 
Florida (Dolin, 1991) is even more similar, but differs 
most notably in the character of the anterior portion of 
the columella and anterior left terminal; in Z. 
pseudotumulus the anterior portion of the angulation is 
markedly swollen, overhanging the fossula, the strong 
anterior teeth extend a short distance over the fossula 
and are obsolète mid-fossula in the paratypes, in the 
holotype the anterior two ridges run right across the 
fossula, although weakened. In Z. spurcoides the 
anterior portion of the angulation is not as swollen, the 
columellar teeth are wider spaced and continuous 
across the fossula as narrow ridges joining the 
columellar teeth at the angulation with the teeth at the 
inner edge of the fossula. In Z. pseudotumulus the 
anterior left terminal has a pinched and somewhat 
