1 have shown elsewhere and it had been remarked already formerly 
by others that in the old inhabitants of S. Beveland we have an 
almost unraixed round-headed population which must be classed among 
the short, brown-eyed, brachycephalic race of Europe, now generally 
known as Homo alpinus. So the skulls may be indicated as skulls 
of the Homo alpinus zeelandicus *): 
Before dealing with the Foramen magnum itself I will briefly explain 
the method followed in this comparative craniological investigation. 
At the outset the necessity was at once felt of having a base line 
in the median plane of the skull, to which the different ratios to be 
calculated and compared, could be referred. This base line must 
satisfy certain conditions. Firstly it must join in all skulls two easily 
determined corresponding points. These points must be determined 
by the shape of the skull itself. Hence they may not be relief points, 
since a shifting of these would modify the direction of the base line, 
while moreover its length would become dependent on the more or 
less vigorous development of the relief. For the same reason I could 
not choose a line, the length oh course of which could depend on 
the local thickness of the cranial wall, so that the two terminal 
points must lie on the interior surface of that wall. Nor did it seem 
advisable, where skulls of such different form as those of the Primates 
were concerned, to choose as fixed points the crossing point of one 
of the sutures intersecting the median plane. For the position of the 
sutures on the cranial surface depends too much on the development 
of the adjacent cranial bones themselves, The point where a suture 
intersects the median plane may be a homologous point with all 
skulls, but the base line of a comparative cranio metric system must 
lie, if possible, between two homotopic points. *) 
b By giving this definition I comply with the wish, formulated by Frizzi : 
Es ist zu wunschen dass alle Lander und deren einzelne Bezirke, welche auf den 
Alpinus Anspruch erheben werden diirfen, fernerhin dem Oberbegriff Homo alpinus 
als Unterbegriff den seines naheren Bestimmungsortes beifugen mogen. E. Frizzi. 
Bin Beitrag zur Anthropologie des “Homo alpinus tirolensis”. Mith. Anthrop. 
Gesellsch. Wien Bnd XXXIX. 
-) For this reason Klaatsch wrongly asserts that the glabella-lambdaline, proposed 
y him, is to be preferred to the “glabella-inion” line of Schwalbe. Although the 
position of the inion may be variable, since it lies in a muscular frame, the lambda 
ls no less variable, being dependent on the surface growth of the squama occipi- 
, ls ' ^ ow when we remember how very variable is the part, played by the ossa 
interparietalia in the formation of the squama, this would seem a reason why the 
course of the lambda suture might be even more fortuitous than of any other 
cranial suture. That moreover Klaatsch’s line has no advantage over Schwalbe’s 
ecanie evident to me from what follows. Klaatsch asserts that his Glabella- 
at »bda line in man always forms about a right angle with the Basion Bregma 
