( 371 ) 
Skull* of Zeelandians (Homo alpinus var. Zeelandicus) Index cepha- 
licus: lowest 81.6, highest 88, average 84.8. 
Itulex basalis : 5t), 49, 48, 48, 48, 48, 45, 44, 43, 43, aver. 45 . 7 . 
Skulls of Javanese. Index cephalicus: lowest 78.3 highest 87.9. 
Index basalis : 52, 51, 50, 50, 49, 48, 46, 45, 42, 42, aver. 47 . 9 . 
Skulls of Papuas. Index cephalicus: lowest 63.4, highest 69.6 
average 67.5. 
Index basalis ; 46, 45, 45, 45, 44, 44, 44, 44, 43, 42, aver. 44 . 6 . 
Skulls of Frisians (Homo europaeus var. Frisius). Index cephalicus: 
lowest 71.5 highest 79.1 average 75.7. 
Index basalis 48, 47, 46, 46, 46, 44, 44, 44, 42, 40, average 44 . 7 . 
Skulls of Negroes. Index cephalicus: lowest 68.2 highest 76.4, 
average 71.2. 
Index basalis: 50, 49, 48, 47, 47, 47, 45, 44, 43, 42, average 46 . 6 . 
If we compare the index values of man with those of the adult apes, 
there appears to exist a considerable difference between them, the 
average of all the human skulls being fifteen units smaller than that 
of all Anthropoid skulls. By this considerable forward displacement 
of the foramen magnum the human skull has obtained a characte¬ 
ristic which it shares with none of the other Primates. For if the 
basal index is greater than 50, this means that the projection of the 
basion on G. lies behind the middle of this line. Now this was the 
case without exception with all the adult ape skulls ; in man, how¬ 
ever, the projection point of the basion lies nearly always before 
die middle of G and only in exceptional cases it coincides with or 
lies a little behind it. The individual place occupied by man as to 
the position of the foramen magnum appears also from the fact that 
the lowest value I found for the basal index with an adult ape skull, 
namely 54 with Cercopithecus patas, is higher than the highest value 
which I found in man : 52 in a Javanese. Whereas with apes A is 
always larger than B, the opposite is the case with man. 
The question whether in man the foramen magnum in the brachy- 
cephalic and dolichocephalic skull occupies different positions, corre¬ 
sponding to the difference in shape, must be answered negatively on 
account of the above figures To be sure, the two brachycephalic 
groups, — the Zeelandians and the Javanese — have a slightly 
igher basal index than the dolichocephalic Papuas and Frisians, but 
0n Ibe other hand the group of the strongly dolichorephalic negroes 
with their average cephalic index of 71,2 has a basal index which 
