( 470 ) 
TABLE II. 
Pleistocene 
26 + A.P. — 161—A.P. 70.9-65.9 + A 
161—532 — A.P. 
16.9-J-A.P.—26.1—A.P. 
26.1—118.1—A.P. . 
371 
65.9-|-A.P.—171—A. 
135 
Also a # great portion of the North sea must have become dry land 
in the late pliocene times, so that a branch of the Rhine fib wed through 
the eastern provinces of England, as Harmer has shown. The approach 
of the glacial epoch announced itself by the increasingly marked 
boreal character of the fauna of the transition strata between Pliocene 
and Pleistocene, the Scanien and Weybournien. 
In the succeeding diluvial or pleistocene period the soil of the 
Netherlands resumed its descending movement, but the transporting 
power of the rivers also increased greatly; besides silt and sand, 
large quantities of gravel were brought to our country, from which 
material the so-called gravel-diluvium was formed. And not only the 
rivers conveyed material, but also the Scandinavian land-ice reached 
our country in the chief glacial epoch (the Riss glaciation), and covered it 
with the exception of the portion south of the Rhine. The same thing 
took place on a much smaller scale according to some scientists in 
the succeeding last or Baltic glacial epoch. By the pressure of the ice 
the surface of the gigantic fluviatile sand and gravel-delta over 
which it moved was greatly altered, and the ice itself left muC 
material of Scandinavian and Baltic origin behind in its groun 
moraine (the “keileem”) and its other moraines, while also ® 
glacier streams modified or covered the pre-glacial stream-deposits bot 
by erosion and by depositing. The country however continued to sin » 
and the enormous quantities of gravel and sand, carried on j 
