( 482 ) 
Under the Mound the condition was for the greater part the same 
as in [the arable ground. The floor from 0,10 to 0,30 m. -(- A.P. 
consists of layers of sandy clay. Some parts of this foundation lay on 
the North- and on the North-west side. In the basins rush-peat was 
formed, namely a layer ± 0,85 m. thick. They point to places of 
excavation for the acquisition of ground for the older Mound. In later 
times this Mound was made higher, and extended over the original 
hollows, in which peat had been formed in the meantime. This is the 
more probable, as no peal is found in the arabje ground. The peat 
mentioned has been greatly compressed by the pressure of the Mound, 
and yet it lies but little below A.P. 
That the foundation of this Mound had not sunk was also derived 
from this, that under the second surface of habitation, so from the 
first time of the Mound, shards of Roman crockery were found. In 
the lowest layer of the Mound lay the manure; in the middle of the 
Mound it passed downward into deep holes, where no manure was 
found, and the earth had a dark colour, probably in consequence of 
the oldest habitation. On this different layers, with which the height 
of the Mound was successively increased, were found, separated by 
layers of ashes. These layers of ashes mark the different times the 
Mound was made higher, and each of them we may assume to have 
been the temporary surface of habitation of the Mound. 
The foundations of 7 Groningen and 9 Frisian Mounds were found 
at a height from just below to just above A. P. 
Joeswerd 0,2 above to slightly below A. P. 
Dorkwerd at 0.45 m. below A. P. 
Oostum at 0.15—0.3 m. -j- A.P. 
Feerwerd at 0.1—05 m. -f- A.P. 
Gamwerd at 0.15—0.5 m. -}- A.P. 
Leermens not considerably below the arable ground. 
Westeremden not considerably below the arable ground. 
Dongjum at ± A. P. to 0.2 m. + A. P. 
Fatum at 0.025—0.26 m. + A.P. 
Vlaeren at 0.3 m. -f- A. P. 
Aalsum at the height of the arable ground. 
Ferwerd 0.30 — A. P. to 0.05 -f A. P. 
Pingjum (the village) slightly above A. P. 
Terp near Pingjum height of the arable ground. 
Kimswerd about the height of the arable ground. 
Mar sum the same. 
