Outlines of the Be^rmtidas. — Feiokes. 97 
there is beach rock, confessedly formed under water, elevated 
above the sea. This beach rock was elevated before the sub- 
mergence. It is impossible to be elevated after the sub- 
mergence since it was formed under water, when the trees 
were above. Elevation after submergence would mean, if no 
other agent was present, bringing the trees to the surface 
again. It would have to be elevated before submergence if 
the movement was not local. The beach rock was therefore 
elevated before the submergence indicated by the trees. It 
must, at its highest point, have been much more elevated 
than the land on which trees stood, because although the 
submergence of the trees took place, the beach rock still 
remains in part above water. 
Add now the depth at which trees are found to the hight of 
the beach rock above the sea level and we would have at least 
a part of the amount of elevation of the top of the beach rock. 
If the elevation was equal throughout the whole area of the 
platform it would be high enough to raise the platform out of 
the water completely before its submergence. Reasoning 
from these data there would seem evidence to conclude that 
even without its capping of aeolian coral limestone Bermuda 
was once practically a contimco^is island from North Rocks to 
the present inhabited islands. But these remarks offer no 
proof of a subsidence of the platform before the elevation. 
The submerged cedars if they prove subsidence can only 
be interpreted as indicating a subsidence after the eleva- 
elevation but not before. We are, it seems to me, obliged to 
rely on purely theoretical grounds for a preceding subsidence, 
provided the data for elevation are correct. 
There is no difficulty in accepting the theory of erosion to 
account for the disappearance of the old Bermuda on the 
ground of the great quantity of eroded material. A parallel 
can be found in our western canons and eroded table moun- 
tains where, although conditions are very different, water has 
played such a tremendous part in a somewhat like process. 
The depths of the Atlantic contiguous to the island could well 
be the dumping place for the eroded material carved out of the 
old island. 
The depth of Harrington sound at certain points does not 
seem a fatal objection to the erosion theory unless it can be 
shown that the erosive power of water is limited to a shallow 
