Triassic Flora of Richmond. — Marcou. 167 
lent of the whole Trias of Europe, and the upper part of the 
Dyas at least, perhaps the whole Dyas. Emmons and I 
walked hand in hand on that question, as we shortly after 
harmonized entirely on the primordial fauna and the Taconic 
question. The disappearance and death of my friend Emmons, 
during the great civil war, has left me alone to maintain our 
views and observations. I have done all that was in my 
limited power to sustain the correctness of our observations, 
and have tried to give an exact chronological order of Amer- 
ican stratigraphy, a primary want, without which all is confu- 
sion and chaotic. To be sure I have also tried to have our 
right of priority on all difficult questions on which we have 
made most important discoveries, recognized ; and so far I am 
satisfied of the great progress made since 1885. Emmons' 
great discovery of the Taconic system, of the Primordial fauna, 
of the Trias of North Carolina and of the upper Dyas (Chat- 
ham series) are in a fair way of being accepted and used by 
the majority of geologists. As to my own discoveries, I feel 
sure also that they will be, in time, admitted and referred 
rightly ; for after all, truth and honesty get always the upper 
hand, notwithstanding all opposition and unfair dealing of 
not over scrupulous adversaries. 
To that second period belong the two editions of my Geolog- 
ical map of the worlds 1861 and 1875, in which I have colored 
the coal basins of Richmond and North Carolina as belonging 
to the New Red sandstone (Dyas and Trias) epoch; and in 
my Explication dhme second edition de la carte gcologique 
de la Terre.^ Zurich, 1875, 4to, pp. 43-49, I have maintained 
the age of the Dyas and Trias, as observed and determined by 
Emmons, Heer and myself. 
Third period, 1883-1889.— Lately the United States Geolog- 
ical Survey has issued two monographs by Messrs. W. M. 
Fontaine and J. S. Newberry, on the coal series of the vicinity 
of Richmond, which so far as practical geology and American 
classification are concerned, are a step backward and in a 
wrong direction. 
Professor Fontaine's memoir is entitled : Older Mesozoic 
Hora of Virginia, Washington, 4to, 3883, only issued in Feb- 
ruary, 1885; forty-tAvo plants from Virginia arc described and 
figured. Proba]jly the original drawings were good, but the 
plates are poorly executed, and on the whole the illustrations 
