Triassio Flora of Richmond. — Marcou. 173 
Bunter sandstein or Lower Trias, to the Lettenkohl or 
Upper Trias ; while on the contrary all the types of plants 
special and not characteristic of the Rhietic of Europe and 
Asia, such as Dictijophyllum, Fterozamites and Nilssonia 
are completely wanting in Virginia and North Carolina. 
Prof. Zeiller does not hesitate in agreeing with Heer, Emmons 
and myself, as to the age of the Keuper for the coal series of 
Richmond and North Carolina, synchronising these rocks 
with those of Basel, Stuttgart and Lunz. 
About the same time director Dionys Stur of the geological 
survey of Austria arrived exactly at the same conclusion, in 
his important paper : "Die Lunzer — (Lettenkohlen) — Flora in 
AenOlder Mesozoic heds of the coalfields of eastern Virginia'^ 
(Verhandlungen der k. k. geologischen Reichsanstalt, Nr. 10, 
1888, Vienna. ) 
Third; the supposed ^^flood of light upon the vegetation of 
the Atlantic coast in the Mesozoic ages" thrown by Prof. 
Fontaine, and that he "established beyond question the paral- 
lelism of our New Red sandstone with the Keuper of Europe," 
is a very partial, and on the whole, incorrect opinion, for the 
work was done thirty years before by Heer, Emmons and 
myself. But more, professor Fontaine does not parallelize 
our Virginia New Red sandstone with the European Keuper, 
but with the Rhastic, taking special care to refer the Rhaetic to 
the Lower Lias or Jurassic, and not to the Keuper or Trias. 
Farther on Dr. Newberry tries to make a sort of compromise 
about the age and classification of the Rha?tic, saying at p. 11, 
{Loc. cit.) : "The Phytic, formerly included in the Keuper, 
is known to form beds of passage between the Trias and the 
Lias, though with a still prevailing Triassic facies." There 
Dr. Newberry's view conflicts with professor Fontaine's final 
and last conclusion, to place the Rhcetic in the Jurassic system. 
It is almost superfluous to add that the Rhretic is not a group 
of "beds of passage," but that it is still included in the Keuper 
by the majority of geologists who have practically studied it 
in the field, and that as far back as 1845, many years before 
the name Rha?tic was created by my friend Giimbel, the 
director of the geological survey of Bavaria, I classified and 
described all the strata of that group in the French Keuper of 
the Jura mountains. 
At the end of his chapter, "Geological notes," Dr. Newberry 
