Geology of the Irondequoit Region. — Dryer. 203 
large proportions. It forms an irregular V, broken by valleys 
into three sections. The eastern section extends from a point 
south of Fairport to the village of Victor. It is a range of 
drift hills two or three miles wide, seven miles long, and 
rising near its center, at the Turk'?? hill station of the U. S. 
Lake Survey, to 681 feet above lake Ontario. The southern 
section is separated from the eastern by a narrow valley and 
extends from Victor southwestward seven miles to the village 
of West Bloomfield, where it is banked up against a ridge of 
Hamilton shale. This section rises near its middle to a hight, 
in Hopper hill, not inferior to Turk's hill. The western sec- 
tion is an isolated group of extremely irregular hills in the 
townships of Mendon and Pittsford. It is separated from the 
other sections by a level interval of three to four miles and is 
prolonged northeastward by a series of parallel drumlin-like 
ridges nearly to the village of Pittsford, a point directly 
opposite the north end of the east arm of the V. The basin 
of the Irondequoit river is enclosed by these moraines except 
in two places. The narrow valley between the eastern and 
southern sections opens into the valley of Mud creek, which 
is the head of the Oswego river. The wider interval between 
the southern and western sections is continuous with the 
valley of Honeoye creek. 
The opening between the ends of the V, two and one-half 
miles in width, is almost closed by a kamc which extends 
from Cartersville on the west to and beyond BushnelFs basin 
on the east. The north end is a sharp ridge of very coarse 
gravel, fifty feet in hight, one mile long, and in shape like a 
rude fish-hook. It is separated from the southern portion by 
the channel of Irondequoit river, which has cut the kame 
completely in two. In the southern portion the gravel is over- 
laid by fifty feet of fine sand which spreads out toward the 
southeast in a sheet a mile or more in width. This kame 
forms a dam across the valley, complete except for an interval 
of less than one-fourth of a mile on its western side. The 
Erie canal avails itself of this kame to cross the valley and by 
a fifty-foot embankment restores what probably once existed 
as a natural feature. South of the kame the valley is as level 
as a floor for three miles up the stream and was evidently 
once the site of a lake whose waters were held back by the 
