296 The American Geologist. May, i890 
Origin and Formation of Prairies, 1865. 
Formation of Lignite Beds, 1874. 
Land Plants in the Lower Silurian, 1874. 
[Note. Several of Dr. Lesquereux's works await publication. Ed. 
ARTESIAN WELLS IN KANSAS AND CAUSES OF 
THEIR FLOW. 
By KoBERT Hay, F. (i. S. A., Junftiou City, Kausas. 
Read l)efore the Kansas Academy of Science, Wicliita, October, ISS'.l. 
There are wells yielding artesian flow of water in many- 
parts of Kansas. The following may perhaps be considered 
the principal places : Fort Scott in Bourbon county, Mound 
Valle}^ in Labette, St. Mary's and Wamego in PottaAvatomie, 
Lawrence in Douglas, northwest of Alma in Wabaunsee caunty, 
at the east line of Cloud county, Oberlin in Decatur, near 
Great Bend in Barton, Larned in Pawnee, on Crooked Creek 
in Meade, at Richfield in Morton, and Coolidge in Hamilton 
count}'. 
These wells are of all depths from less than fifty feet to six 
hundred and more. The water comes from rocks of different 
geologic periods. It is of very different kinds, from soft 
water, pleasant for domestic use through others of moderate 
hardness to some that are highly mineralized and of more or 
less medicinal quality. Some are decidedly saline. 
The largest flow in the state is at Larned. There a strong 
brine rushes to the surface with great force to a hight of over 
fifteen feet. It spouts forth from a depth of four hundred and 
thirty feet and more at the rate of from 250 to 300 gallons per 
minute. It is used for medicinal pm-poses and for swimming 
baths. A part of its waste may be seen from the railway in 
the form of a fountain more than ten feet high. 
Wells at Coolidge nearly three hundred feet deep are obtain- 
ing from Dacotah sandstones a supply of good water but 
slightly mineralized. The largest, yielding one hundred gal- 
lons per minute is utilized for the city water-works. Others, 
giving out each al:)0ut fifty gallons per minute are used for 
irrigation and watering stock. There is one of small flow — 
six or eight gallons per minute — also used for irrigation. 
In Meade county there is a group of wells in an area of sev- 
eral s luare miles that at depths varying from fifty to one hun- 
