Geography of Uosfcni .Isia. — llobhs. yy 
land is many linios faulted in a nicridii)n;il direction with slippings-dnv. n 
to the eastward; and slopes to the eastward in step-faults, but to the 
southward in a flexure. 
5. Within the eastern Mongolian land-step is spread out veiled land 
from which certain mountain ranges jut up having predominate Sinian 
strike. From the few investigations at our disposal these ridges appear 
to be in structure not essentially different from the adjoining north 
Chinese and Daurian mountain regions to the south and north, which 
are separated by faults into gridiron-like narallel systems. 
6 and 7. The Sud-Stanozvoi (South Stanovoi) crescent surrounds 
a perfect ancient Paleozoic plateau, extending in the southwest to the 
high ridges, within which plateau folds and faults have been proven. 
The interior of tlie Xord-Staiwwoi (North Stanovoi) crescent is geo- 
logically unknown. The north outlier of the Vcrk-hoyanskii range, con- 
cerning which excellent observations by Baron Toll are available, is too 
far removed to come here under consideration. 
c. If we separate the individual crescents i;ito their two components 
it is found that only in the meridional sections is the independence of 
internal structure* expressed. The fauUf of the .lldan range in th" 
Khingan in the Tai-hang-schan (Tai-hang mountains), and the Hiik- 
li'ang fault cut across the dominating Sir.:an strike direction in the basal 
structure of the corresponding steps at angles of 120 to 140 degrees, 
while the Honan fault is parallel to the Sinian direction, but crosses 
the interior ridges of the steps connected with it at 50 degrees. 
As regards the form of the eastern falling-in, the step-fault is proven 
in the Tai-hang-schan (Tai-hang mountains). The parallel grouping 
within the zone of falling-in makes this form probable in the Khingan 
and the Aldan ranges. It is doubtful in the Tsin-ling-schan (Tsin- 
ling mountains) and in the vicinity of the Hukzvang fault, while on the 
eastern side of Yunnan (Yunnan) certain facts can be introduced fa- 
voring step-faults. 
The aggregate amount of the depression is in all cases considerable. 
In most cases it is certainly not less than two kilometers (about 6.500 
feet), probably it is throughout notably greater. 
Respecting the manner in which the eastward lying crustal areas 
are affected by the falling inward, I do not venture here to say. It 
may be that in the latitudes in question, i ; the entire area stretching 
to the eastern margin of the continent has been depressed, or, 2 : a 
Grabcn depression separates the high- mountain land-steps from the 
other eastern ones ; or, 3 ; the eastward lying orographic block is depress- 
ed only on one side against the fault line and ascends from it toward tlie 
east to the mountainous country. 
d. The equatorial sections of the crescents follow the strike of the 
internal structure. Thej' appear in consequence as deviations from th" 
expression of the force which conditioned the great development of 
faults. The continental fault does not iollow singly and continuously 
* Inneren Bnu. This expression is evidently restricted in the author's mind 
to fold structures. 
