Plcistocciw Faiiiia of Saiikafy Head. — Ciislniitiii. 173 
while al! liut one species of the others would be found, al- 
though near the southern limit of their range. 
Relations of Fauna of Bed No. 2. 
In this bed the earlier writers mention simply Serpula and 
its encrusting bryozoan. ?^Ierrill found in his work on it six- 
teen additional species, giving this bed a distinct fauna of its 
own. The forms found indicate a change in conditions and 
especially a transition toward the faunal conditions of bed 3. 
Of these sixteen species, thirteen represent those that were 
present — in most cases abundant — in the first bed and which 
either disappeared entirely or were limited to few specimens 
in the upper bed. They represent the remnants of fauna Xo. 
I left before the completed change of conditions sent them 
out entirely. 
Of the other three, one, a northern species, has been found 
only in this bed, the other two represent northern species which 
make their tirst appearance here, but are found again in one 
of the upper beds. Thus the transition character is easily made 
out. having the last appearance of many of the southern species 
of the lower bed and the first appearance of northern species 
of the upper beds. 
Relations of the Fauna of Bed Xo. 5. 
From this bed forty forms are now known including four 
species placed here hi-pothetically. Of these twenty-six did 
not appear in the first bed. Of this last number twenty-four 
have a decidedly northern range. Of the other two, one is 
referred hypothetically, simply fragments being found, while 
the other is represented by a single specimen. Those species 
which were found in the lower bed are represented by very 
few specimens in almost all cases. The fauna of this bed then 
represents the completion of the changed conditions and a 
much more northern fauna due to much cooler water while the 
earlier, more southern species have either entirely disappeared 
or are represented by few individuals. 
Relations of the Fauna of Bed No. 4. 
This bed according to [Merrill contains eleven species. Their 
relations are decidedly northern. Four of these have not been 
met with in the other beds. Of these, three have decidedly 
northern ranges, the fourth being almost limited to this gen- 
