Tectonic Geography of Eastern Asia. — Hobbs. 221 
is as if here in contrast to the former complex a regularity in bedding 
were not to be recognized. Only the Kwanto range appears to have 
an indeoendent position, for it has, as above) stated, a pronounced 
inner and outer side, and the Paleozoic sediments are arranged in 
regular synclinal and anticlinal folds. 
It is clear from this that the 'median line' cannot be regarded as a 
separating line of two longitudinal zones of the fundamental complex. 
These have indeed a zonal arrangement, but in quite a different sense: 
the zones are cut through diagonally by the line. Undoubtedly the 
latter has not only for commerce but also morphologically a signifi- 
cance, but its origin is the result of late tectonic movements regarding 
which and also the volcanic lines I will speak later. I turn first to the 
structure of south Japan. 
B. FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE OF SOUTH JAPAN. 
In the west part of Japan, for which the little adapted name 
South Japan has come into use, are two longitudinal zones distinctly 
recognized. Here is in fact even in the basement a separating median 
line at hand. It follows a narrow but distinctly indicated band of 
mica soliist generally accompanied by a band of Flysch-like Cretaceous, 
which runs through Kii, Shikoku, and Kiusiu with varying breadth. It 
belongs to the southern zone and follows it westward there also where 
it is far removed from the northern zone, and a small apparently neu- 
tral region in the form of a triangle is wedged between the two zones 
with its very acute apex in the east. To the eastward where these zones 
border each other the above mentioned bending back to the northward 
is accomplished in the face of the great transverse fault along the Fuji 
line. 
The two zones offer in scenerj^ and in structure noticeable differ- 
ences. Their relation to each other is one of the keys for the explana- 
tion of the problematical structure of Japan. We must therefore con- 
sider them in detail. 
The North Zone. This is separated into a western part as far as 
the narrow neck of land between the Wakasa gulf and the Owari bay, 
and an eastern part from there to the great cross fracture. To the 
first mentioned belong: Tschigoku (in somewhat extended sense), 
that is to say, the great western peninsula of Hondo which extended 
to the eastern shore of the Biwa lake is 510 kilometers in length ; the 
neck of the Kii peninsula to the mica schist band ; the eastern and mid- 
dle interior sea with its islands and the two northern peninsulas of 
Tschigoku ; in addition the northern projection of Kiusiu. Tlie east- 
ern portion embraces in addition to a little region in the southeast 
the rest of the country between Biwa lake and the great cross fracture. 
In Tschigoku appear in the fundamental complex schistose and 
quartzitic sedimentary rocks which are regarded as Paleozoic. They 
strike in general parallel to the peninsula, that is about W to E and 
W by S to E by N. The rectilinear stretch of coast line facing Kor- 
ea directed from SW to NE from Yamatu, Iwami and Tdsumo. is 
