Claypole on ^ourw'in and Geology. 15I 
tlepartments. His greatness is often shown by the extent and 
the direction of his footprints. A master workman in one art 
will often show his masterhood when he touches another. 
Agassiz was a naturalist, but to him geology is indebted for the 
"glacial theory." Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, but geology 
in her early days, not to mention other sciences, was not .a little 
aided by him. Huxley is a biologist, strictly speaking, but 
palaeontology, and, we might add theology, have both reaped 
advantage from his labors. Of such men it has been said and 
may be said again, * 
"Nihil fuit quod non tetigit, nihil tetigit quod nou ornavit." 
In like manner the great master who has so recently passed 
away, though a biologist so far his great discovery was concerned, 
was a naturalist in the widest sense of the term, and if biology 
has reaped the greatest results from his labors yet geology has 
picked up the crumbs that fell from that richly laden table, and 
these crumbs have been of no slight value. 
We propose theixfore to devote a few pages to a review of 
the important step which geology has made during the lifetime 
of this remarkable man. Such a sketch will include the work 
-of other men more or less closely connected with him. It may 
be of interest to many of the younger geologists of the present 
day to look through the eyes of their elders and view the pro- 
gress of their science during the past sixty or seventy years. 
To us all it may not be unprofitable to see that "Other men 
labored and" we "have entered into their labors." 
For our purpose it will not be necessary to dwell on the de- 
tails of Darwin's long and busy life. At the age of sixteen he 
went to the University of Edinburgh. This was in 1825. At 
the beginning of the present century the geological world 
had just j^assed through one of the most violent and bitter of 
the controversies that have marked its by no means peaceful his- 
tory. The conflict between the two schools, the Vulcanists and 
the Neptunists, was then at its hight. The eloquent Werner, 
professor of mineralogy at Freyberg, in Saxony, had adopted 
the view, derived from the study of the rocks near that town, 
that all the strata composing the crust of the earth had been 
formed under water. He freely introduced catastrophe to ex- 
