254 ^° '^^^ American Geologists. 
lished for philosophical, literary or religious purposes, or for the encour- 
agement of the fine arts, or for the use or by order of any college, acad- 
emy, school or seminary of learning in the United States." In order ta 
have the benefit of this provision it is necessary for the institution to file 
with the Collector " a certified cop3' of the certificate of incorporation,, 
and other proof of organization, showing that the institution is of the 
character and established for the purposes mentioned in said provision 
of law" (Art. 312 Regs.). In addition thereto an afiidavit of the proper 
officer of the institution is required according to the form on blank here- 
with enclosed. [Free Entry Blank, Cat. No. 6ii, enclosed.] 
You will observe that there are two essential pre-requisites necessary in 
order to bring the institution within the benefits of the provisions afore- 
said, viz. : That it should be such an institution as is described therein,, 
and that the map should be specially imforted by its order and for its 
sole use. 
• Every case must be disposed of on its merits, as it arises and no advice 
of a general character can be given in advance fvi'rther than can be gath- 
ered in a general way from the law and regulations above stated. 
I may say, however, from my knowledge of them that most — if not 
all — of the institutions named by you would be entitled to the privilege. 
The individuals you name are, of course, not entitled to it. 
It is customary for the piincipal officers of United States institutions 
to make application, through their Departments, to the Secretary of the 
Treasury for the free admission of articles for public use; hence, if this 
course is pursued by the Geological Survey and Military Academy, and 
the necessary authority is received by the Collector from the Depart- 
ment, the maps will be admitted free for those institutions without fur- 
ther requirement. 
If all the regulations herein referred to were complied with, there 
would probably be no objection to your Committee acting as agent for 
the institutions in making the importations. 
Most of the institutions specified have, probably, heretofore availed 
themselves of the benefits of the foregoing provision for the free impor- 
tation of books, maps, charts and scientific apparatus and are, conse- 
quently, familiar with its requirements. 
Very respectfully, 
John Cadwalader, 
Collector. 
Custom House, Philadelphia, Pa., 
Collector's Office, March 22, 18S7. 
Dr. Persifor Frazer, Philadelphia. 
Dear Sir: Referring to your letter of 21st inst., I have to inform 
you that as the rate of duty on maps is 25 per cent, at ad valorem, the 
amount of duty to be assessed will depend on their market value at the 
time and place of exportation to the United States, which value is deter- 
mined by the appraiser upon the examination of the articles. Five dol- 
lars was specified, as you stated the value of the maps to be $20 each. 
Very respectfully, 
John Cadwalader, 
Collector. 
Persifor Frazer, 
201 South 5th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
