Wasmuth en the (Piilsburg Coal (Bed. 
275 
SaS 
fracture being filled with disintegrated fire clay (roof of the 
coal.) Such occurrences are termed "spars." 
Fig. 3. reiDresentes a disconnection and dislocation of the coal 
and measures, the fracture dipping with the 
course of the dip of the measures. The fract- 
ure F mostly is several inches wide (and 
more) and it is filled with disintegrated coal 
and country rock (clayish substance). Conse- 
quently it represents a body, more precisely a clay-lode which 
mostly has a greater incline than the mineral deposit, discon- 
nected by it. If the terms of a mineral deposit — roof, floor, top 
bottom, hanging wall, footwall — are applied to it, then the part 
of the coal bed on the hanging wall of the fracture is in a lower 
position, than the part on the footwall, which is the characteristic 
of "transverse faults." 
Fig. 4. represents a dislocation of the strata, the fracture dip- 
ping contrary to the dip of the measures, and 
the part of the coal bed on the hangino- wall 
of the fracture or fault is in a lower position 
than the part on thef oot wall. The effects of 
such faults are similar to those of faults rep- 
resented in fig. 3, but they are termed "transverse faults with 
contrary dip." 
Fig. 5. represents a disconnection of the coal bed and 
measures by two faults, one F F with 
regular and one F with contrary dip but 
without dislocation; perhaps their effects 
have been compensated. The steeper 
dipping fault has died out on the regular 
dipping fault. Such occurrences appear numerous and it is ob- 
vious that their courses differ and consequently cross each other. 
Both fractures are transverse faults. 
Fig. 6 represents a so-termed "slack- vein" (g g, fig. i ) which 
has been developed for a distance of 
more than 1000 yards long in the 
mine referred to and it is the only 
one met with in that district thus 
far. F F, in fig. i, approximately 
represents the water level, i.e.^ strike line of the coal bed devel- 
l*^A4, 
