390 James on Montic^di'poya. 
which are living and one of which forms a membranous, branch- 
ing tube {^Rhabdofleiira^ simihir in general appearance to those 
of certain species of Stomatofora^ but all the tubes are connected. 
The third section includes the greater number of the genera of 
the class, and is divided into three orders. The first of these 
contains five genera. One of them, CristatcUa^ is remarkable 
for having a locomotive zoarium, but it resembles in no respect 
any monticuliporoid. Alcyonella^ however, forms massive 
coenoecia made up of several hundred individuals. The second 
order, Gymnol^ma, is divided into three sub-orders (by Busk), 
according to the shape of the zocecia, and the nature of the 
margin of the mouth when the polypide is retracted. The 
Cyclosteina "have long tubular zocecia, often of large size and 
calcified, placed side by side in cylindrical bundles or in other 
definite grouping; the mouth of the zocecium is circular and 
devoid of processes." (Ency. Brit., 9th Ed., xix, p. 437') 
Most of the genera of this group are fossil. It includes Stomat- 
opora., Feiiestella^ &c. The second order, Ctenostoma, has 
species with usually a soft zocecium, but the third, Chilostoma, 
is the largest and most varied. " The zocecia are horny or cal- 
cified; their orifices can be closed by a projecting lip in the form 
of an operculum. * * * The surface of the zocecium 
is frequently sculptured, and its orifice is provided with pro- 
cesses and spines." (Ibid, p. 437.) It includes Retepora^ Flus- 
irina^ Ptilodictya, and others. 
Now although the Polyzoa include forms of so diverse an 
iispect, we find little in their appearance to justify placing the 
monticuliporoids with them. And while it may be regarded 
as an impossibility to settle definitely and without dispute the 
position of the monticuliporoids without having the living animal, 
it may be considered that all their features point to an alliance 
with the Coelenterates rather than with the Molluscoidea. 
Let us now turn to the paper of Mr. Ulrich in which he states 
his reasons for calling the group of monticuliporoids, Bryozoa, 
[Polyzoa,] and see upon what grounds this is advocated. With- 
out going into the details we appeal to the summary of his 
views as given on pages 144-147 of volume v, of the Journal 
of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. The ^enus Hctcr- 
opora is taken as the type of the Polyzoa. (Is it not rather an 
