Beview of Recent GeologieaJ Literature. 53 
till' localities yit'ldin;^' lhos(» fossils. As here newl.y edited aiul for the 
greater part rewritten, with two chapters by Prof. T. V. Chambehi.in, 
on the "Glacial Phenomena of North America," this volume well sus- 
tains its author's eminence as the foremost of living- glacialists. It 
.seems not too much to say that this work, in its successive editions, and 
Dr. Croll's volume before mentioned, have done more than any other 
contributions amon;;- the very extensive mass of glacial literature, since 
the early grand work of Agassi/., to stimulate many eager students in 
fruitful investigations of tiie evidence and history of glaciation and in 
classification of the glacial and glacio-fluvia! formations of Europe, 
North America and other regions. Like the writings of the author's 
brother, Sir Archibald Geikie, this account of the Ice age is presented 
in a very clear and attractive style, commeiidably adapted to the under- 
standing of ordinary unscientific readers, while yet carefully stating the 
latest discoveries and theories in this increasingly debated division of 
geology. 
Twenty of the forty-tiiree ciiapters relate to Scotland, describing its 
glacial, glacio-tluvial, interglacial and postglacial deposits, striation, 
rock-basins, ice-sheets, and local glaciers; four chapters relate to Eng- 
land; one to Ireland; ihree to northern Europe; one to the Urals and 
the mountains of central (iermany: two to tln^Alps; one to other parts of 
Europe, as France, Spain, Corsica, the A[)ennines, Iceland, the Fteroe 
islands, the Azores, and Gibraltar; a chapter of nine pages reviews the 
glacial succession in Europe; two chapters describe cave-d«»posits, "val- 
ley-drifts," and loess; a chapter of eleven pages summarizes tlmclimatic 
changes of Europe during the Glacial period, and the evidence of con- 
temporaneous PaIaH)lithic man; the fortieth ciiapter discusses the gla- 
cial phenomena of Asia, Australia, etc., and South America; the nc^xt 
two, by Prof, ('hamberlin, relate to Nortli America: and the final chap- 
ter treats of the cause of the climatic and geographic changes of the 
(Jlacial period. 
Si.\ epochs of glaciation, witii five interglacial epochs, are recognized, 
being nearly the same as in the author's paper published in the Trans- 
actions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (vol.xxxvii, p]). 127-14!), with 
map) in 1802, excepting that one more glacial epoch, the latest, with 
the corresponding interglacial epoch, is here added. 
\. The first glacial epoch is represented by the Weybourn crag ami 
Chillesford cla.v, followed by the interglacial forest bed of Cromer. 
2. For the second and maximum epoch of glaciation, an ice-sheet is 
mapped as stretching from Scandinavia east across the northern two- 
thirds of Russia to the Urals, the river Obi in Siberia, and Novaia Zem- 
lia; southward to latitude 'tif in Russia, Poland, and eastern (Jermany; 
and southwest to central Belgium, to the Thames, beyond tlie southern 
and western coasts of Ireland, and across the Hebrides and Shetland 
islands. .\l the same lime the Fa'roes and iceliind were entiri'ly ice- 
envi'loiH'd. Willi Ihe Irish. ,\or1h, Baltic and White seas, the area of 
this ice-sheet exceeded 2,000,000 square miles. Its limits have been 
greatly exti^nded eastward since the similar map was prejiared Uw 
