176 The Avien'c(t)i Geologist. Marcli,ig95 
is very conspicuous at the latter place. 'J'lic ))eautiful h^j of 
Quinte is the drowned lower portion of the valley of the Trent 
river. Between Mexico bay and Drowned island on the east- 
ern shore there are more bays like those near Rochester. Wel- 
ler bay and I-Cast and West lakes, on the Pictou peninsula, are 
of the same kind. The St. Lawrence river above Ogdensbiirg 
shows plainly the effects of a recent drowning. The lands of 
that region, like those of the Erie basin, have i-e<'ently been 
tilted upward at the northejist so as to raise the water in the 
upper St. Lawrence and in lake Ontario. 
While there is at present no direct proof that all the late 
uplift affecting lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence was so re- 
cent as the eastward deformation of the Nipissing plane, still 
there are many facts which point to a large and very recent 
uplift of tile whole Champlain-Ottawa-St. Lawrence-Hudson 
bay area. 1 cannot dwell upon these facts here. But if the 
degree of deformation recorded at North Bay is actually car- 
ried to the St. Lawrence, then it would account for more than 
160 out of the 247 feet which marks the elevation of lake On- 
tario above the sea. In this connection the fact should not be 
overlooked that the amount of deformation which is found 
within the area (tf the four upper lakes is only relative. The 
total amount of uplift measured from present sea level is not 
disclosed by this discussion. There are many suggestive facts, 
however, which bear upon this important (juestion. In a word, 
the conclusion which the}^ suggest is that the Pleistocene up- 
lift, which has so recently raised the marine fossiliferous beds 
of the Champlain submergence, was the same movement that 
produced the eastward uplift and deformation of the Nipissing 
plane in the upper lake basins. It maybe appropriately called 
the Champlain uplift. 
SlMMAKV AND ( 'oNCLUSIONS. 
When th(; outlet of the three upper Great lakes was shifted 
from North Bay to Port Huron, liike Erie was taken into the 
combination and since then has l)cen alfected by all changes 
in substantially tiie same way as the other lakes. So far, 
then, as relates to the history of lake Algoncjuin. and of the 
four upper lakes since the extinction of lake Algonquin, the 
successive steps and stages nuiy be sun)med up as follows: 
