192 The American Geologist. March, 1895 
designalod the latter "kame-moraiiics," and I think tliis is a better 
name than "moraines ol" recession," as only tlie upper unmodified part 
of these hills was deposited while the >rlacier was retreating. On this 
point, however, there is much liyht still needed: and in fact the whole 
drift phenomena present ditflculties that seem insup('ral)le, thniiuh we 
are <]^e1ting nearer the truth everyday. John IJhvson. 
Edsfpoi-f. L. I.. N. )'.. Jhr. rt/i. 1SU4. 
Thk Name of tiik C()im'eu-1>eai{£no Hoc ks ok Lake Sia'Euioi;. It is 
well known that the terms Keweenawan aiul Xijiigon have been apiilied 
rather indiscriminately by different geologists to the copper-bearing rocks 
of lake Superior, ami tliiit these terms, as now generally used, are prac- 
tically synonymous. On consulting the literature of the subject it was 
seen that there is good rea.son for retaining the term Keweenawan: and 
the following statement of the case is given with the hope that it may 
lead toward more uniformity in the desigiuilion applied to the rocks of 
this age in the lake Sujierior region. 
The name Keweenaw seems to have been first api)lied to these rocks 
by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt in a paper read before the American Institute of 
Mining Engineers, Feb. 20, 1S73. Here also lie proposed the term Anim- 
ikie. He says: 
"The silver deposits ofThundei Hay and its \icinity. including Silver 
Islet, are in veins traversing a series of dark colored argillites and sand- 
stones, which are as 3'et known only in this region, and are overlaid in 
slight discordance by red and white sandstones, apparently the same 
with those of the Keweenaw district and the St. Mary's river. This 
older series of Thunder Bay and its vicinity, «"A«V7/ mail he iiniinil ihe 
Anindkie group, from the Indian luime of the bay, is the lower di\ision 
of the ui)per copper-bearing series of Logan. 
"' The (jri'df Kcircnnar (ir<iii]i. with its cupriferous amygdaloids. is here 
absent, though luet with a few miles to the eastward, and the almost 
horizontal dark ciiloreil sediments of the Animikie grou]) rest directly 
upon the edges of the crystalline Huronian schists, and are cut by great 
dykes of diorite."* 
It is not clear that Hunt used the term A'circr/tmr yroitji earlier than 
this, although it is not here spoken of as defined or proposed, but is used 
(apparently) as if it were a well known term. And he later speaks of 
"the overlying cupriferous conglomerates and trappean rocks ir/iir/i ire 
hare tudiied the Keireenian series."] 
Dr. Robert Bell, in a paper read before the iNL)ntreal Natural History 
Society, Feb. 24, 1873, proposed the name Nipigon for the Upper Copper- 
Bearing series of lake Superior. This was reported by J. F. W. (i)er- 
haps J. F. Whiteaves) in the Montreal (iazette, and this report was pub- 
lished afterward in tlie Canadian Natural ist,:j: although the substance 
*Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. i, p. 339, published in 1873 ov 1874. Tliis paper 
was also published in the EnetineerinR and Mining Journal, vol. xv. No. g, 4th series, 
Marcfi 4th, 1873. pp. 129-132. The above quotation is on p. 131. 
The italics in tliis and the following quotations are the writer's. 
tSecond Geol. Survey of Fa., E. "Azoic Rocks. Ft. I." p. 240, 1S7S. 
|New series, vol. vu, pp, 49-^1, 1875. 
