North American Inierglacial Deposits. — Upham. 287 
son, until it stood at tlie level of the well defined Iroquois 
beach, traced by Spencer and Gilbert, which has a height at 
Toronto of almost 200 feet above lake Ontario. Thick fossil- 
iferous delta deposits had been meanwhile brought into the 
north edge of the lake at Toronto and several miles eastward 
along the lake-cliff section of Scarboro' Heights ; and repeated 
readvances of the ice front, one during and the other after 
the delta accumulation, formed at the locality- last noted two 
deposits of till or boulder clay. 
The drift beds making the Scarboro' Heights, six to fifteen 
miles east of Toronto, are given, in their descending order, 
by Mr. George J. Hinde, as follows:* 
FtM't. 
Postglacial strati fiinl sand and gravel 50 
Till or boulder-clay, No. 3 30 
Interglacial laminated clay and sand 90 
Till or boulder-clay, No. 2 70 
Interglacial fossiliferous sand 40 
Interglacial fossiliferous clay 100 
Till or boulder-clay, No. 1, elsewhere seen in the vicinity 
of Toronto with a thickness of 25 feet, lies here below 
the lake level. 
During all the time in which the basal stratified clay and 
sand, together 140 feet thick, were being laid down, frag- 
ments of plants were deposited in them, the most abundant 
being mosses of the genera liryinn, Fontinalis, and Ilypnum. 
The other plant remains of these beds comprise a Chora, Lij- 
cojiodiiim spores, wood of pine or cedar, rush leaves, and va- 
rious seeds. F'ossil shells are wellnigh absent, including only 
a Planorbis and, doubtfully, a Zonites. 
Mr. Hinders collections further included a very remarkable 
representation of the insect fauna, of which Mr. S. H, Scud- 
der writes :f 
Among the material found by him was a considerable number of the 
elytra and other parts of beetles, an assemblage indeed larger tiian has 
ever before been found in such a deposit in any part of the worlii. and 
they are mostly in e.xcellcnt condition. Twenty-nine species have l)een 
obtained, some of them in considerable number. Five families and fif- 
teen genera are represented: they are largely Carabid;*^ The ne.xt 
family in importance is the Staphylinidtu Not one of them can be 
*Canadian .Tournal, vol. .\v, pp. 388-413, April. 1877. 
f'Tertiary Insects of North America," U. S. fJeol. Survey of the Ter- 
ritori(!s(F. V. Hayden in charge), vol. xiii, IS'.K), p[) 40, 41. 
