LcDisini:^ Pleistocene Geology. — JVinchell. 301 
limestone bedding along its crest. Several pits were dug in 
Level No. 2, and their testimony united with that of the stony 
and hummocky contour to prove that No. 2 is due to talus 
masses fallen from Xo. 3. It is older than Level No. i, as the 
masses from No. 3 do not lie on No. i but contmue as a lower 
talus below No. i. This was revealed in pits dug in No. i. 
Level No. 5 is manifestly due to^ the strike of firm beds of 
the Carboniferous, underlain by shale. This shale is that which 
appears in the tunnel and was excavated in the foundation and 
cistern of Mr. Concannon's house. The firm beds cause a 
bench running back from the house, and have been quarried 
on the north side of the creek. This bench is about twenty 
feet wide, but its upper surface back from the brink is apt to 
be hummocky, same as No. 2, thus constituting Level No. 4. 
Hence No. 3 is a residual terrace. It runs out just back of 
Concannon's house, swinging up the creek valley where it 
also is dimly outlined on both sides. 
Level No. 4 is fifteen to twenty feet higher than No. 3, and 
is plainly due to talus debris from level No. 5. It shows out- 
wardly all the characters of No. 2. 
Level No. 5 rises about 100 feet above No. 3, and at some 
places, say a quarter of a mile below Concannon's, the whole 
cliff can be seen to consist of Carboniferous rocks, thus :. — 
Sandstone. 
Limestone. 
Shale (black, worked at one point for coal.) 
This upper limestone has also been consideral)ly quarried 
on the north side of the creek. 
There is therefore but one alluvial terrace. It rises per- 
haps two feet above the floor of the tunnel. It is persistent and 
perfect as to outline and composition. It can have had nothing 
to do with any supposed terrace or floodplain rising to the 
hight of twenty-five feet above the limestone floor of tlie timnel. 
It is evidently quite a recent formation, and it is reasonable 
to suggest that it was formed by the waters of the great flood 
of 1844. Its average upper surface is perhaps two feet below 
the place of the skeleton. 
There is no appearance in the bluffs of any recent "trunca- 
tion" by the river ; but every element in their form and com- 
position implies great age and gradual demolition under the 
