The Geological Society of America. — Hovey. 93 
son's bay as an inland sea rather than a bay. It is about 1,000 miles 
long by about 600 miles in extreme width, but its greatest depth is 
only about seventy fathoms, while the depth of Hudson's Strait 
reaches 300 fathoms. The text books of geology represent the Arch- 
ean nucleus of the continent as embracing Hudson's bay within the 
arms of its V-shaped area, but the actual structure of the region is 
not as simple as the books would seem to indicate. While Laurentian 
rocks border the bay on the east and part of the west sides and Hu- 
ronian beds form the shore at the northwest, the southern shore of 
the bay and the western shore of James bay are occupied by strata 
ranging in age from Cambrian to Devonian. Considerable gold 
seems to exist in the iron pyrites in the Huronian rocks of the north- 
western portion of the region, and has also been reported from 
quartz veins of the same region. The deposits of iron ore, furthermore, 
are very rich. Middle Silurian rocks occur on the east, west and 
north sides of the bay and in Baffin land. The Devonian area south- 
west of James bay is very large and rocks of the same age are known 
to occur on Southampton island. No good coal has been found any- 
where in the region, though poor material occurs. Even in Devonian 
times the seas were independent of the Ontarian Devonian and sup- 
ported a distinct fauna. The whole surface of the rock is glaciated, 
and in such a way as to indicate the probability that the ice came 
from Labrador. Remains of the mammoth (Elephas columbi) have 
been found on Long island at the entrance to James bay, and those 
of the mastodon near York Factory on the main bay. 
Henry B. Kiimmel, of Chicago, 111., in a paper entitled "'The 
Newark System in New York and New Jersey," stated that the rocks 
form a northwestward dipping monocline, interrupted by gentle 
folds and many faults, two of which have a throw of several thousand 
feet. The character rf the rocks varies greatly, so that subdivisions 
established in one area do not hold for the entire field, and yet sub- 
divisions based on lidiological characteristics are the only ones pos- 
sible. Both extrusive and intrusive trap sheets occur, and their rela- 
tions to the sedimentary beds are instructive. The question of thick- 
ness is complicated by the faulting, and estimates vary from 12,000 
to 15,000 feet. The strata were probably accumulated under estua- 
rine conditions in shallow water. The surrounding land areas seem 
to have been reduced near base level and deeply covered with residu- 
ary materials immediately preceding the deposition of each bed. but 
during their deposition subsidence of the estuary and elevations of 
the surrounding areas were in progress. 
N. H. Darton, of the U. S. Geological Survey, gave four 
papers on features of geology of the Black Hills, which were 
illustrated by lantern slides and were in brief as follows: 
Discovery of Fossil Fish in the Jurassic of the Black 
Hills. These fish were found in a sandstone very near the base of 
the Jurassic which lies unconformably on the Red beds of supposed 
Triassic age. The locality was Hot Springs, South Dakota. 
